Windows 2003 Products familyLearning ObjectiveOperating Systems?OS: Primary componentsOS at workCommon FeaturesCommon Features (Cont.)Slide 8Windows XP/2003 FamilyWindows XP Product FamilyWindows Server 2003 FeaturesSlide 12Other Windows 2003 versionsFeatures in Windows 2003Difference between Win XP/2003 OSDisk fault toleranceRAIDSlide 18W2003 Disk-Fault toleranceDirectory ServiceActive DirectorySlide 22ClusteringNetwork Load BalancingSummary QuestionsSlide 26Slide 27I2O ArchitectureDisk Contention architecture1Windows 2003 Products family(Week 3, Monday 1/22/2007)© Abdou Illia, Spring 20072Learning ObjectiveUnderstand basic functions of OSDescribe features of Windows Server 2003Detail differences between Windows 2003 product family members3Operating Systems?System software routines that sits between application programs and hardware to provide:Interface functionKey support servicesUserApplication programOperating systemHardwareInterfacesUser communicates w/App. Prg.App. Prg communicates w/OSOS communicates w/HardwareAll App. Prg access Hardware through OS according to rules imposed by OSExamples of support services:-Communications w/peripheral devices-Launching a program-Copying a file-Creating a directory-Opening a file4OS: Primary components User interface (shell)File managementDevice managementProcessor (or process) management Memorymanagement Communication servicesShellProvides mechanism for user and App. Prg to communicates w/OS and request OS supportFile managementAllows the user to create, delete, modify, and manipulate files.Device managementControls communications w/peripheral devicesProcessor managementManages processor’s timeMemory managementManages system’s memoryCommunication servicesManages comm. Between OS layers and intercomputer communications.5OS at workShellFile managementDevice managementHardwareOperating system’s layersOpenApplication program layerSteps for opening a file1. User select File/Open from menu2. App. Prg. calls the Open routine in the OS’s Shell3. Shell passes the Open request to File management layer4. File management layer determines where the requested file is located5. If file on local computer, request is passed to Device management layer6. Device management communicates with Hardware layer.LinecommandinterfaceGraphical UserinterfaceVoice-activatedinterfaceOther OS layersOperating SystemUser interface layer6Common FeaturesMultiprocessingAbility to support multiple processors (CPUs)Can simultaneously run as many processes (or threads) as there are CPUsAdministrator can adjust priority levels to give preferred applications more processor time.ProcessorRAMCacheProcessorCacheDual CPU System7Common Features (Cont.)MultithreadingA code design in which individual tasks can operate as separate executable modules called threads*. Multiple applications (and multiple threads) can be active, but technically, only one thread can be processed at a time in a Single-CPU systemSwitching between treads happens so quickly that multiple applications seem to be running at the same time.Single CPU System* Multi-Thread applications Versus Single-Tread applicationsThread 2Thread 3Thread 4....Thread 1Threads beingprocessedActive ThreadsThread 2Thread 3Thread 4…8Common Features (Cont.)Multitasking: Processing multiple tasks simultaneouslyCooperative MultitaskingA mode of CPU operation in which individual applications take control over the CPU as long as they like. Could lead to a hung system, should an application fails to release control over the CPU.Preemptive MultitaskingA mode of CPU operation in which the OS maintains strict control over how long any thread can take possession of the CPU.9Windows XP/2003 FamilyWorkstation AWorkstation BWorkstation CServerA family of Operating Systems from Microsoft:Windows XP Client Operating SystemsWindows Server 2003, Standard EditionWindows Server 2003, Enterprise EditionWindows Server 2003, DataCenter EditionWindows Server 2003, Web Edition10Windows XP Product FamilyXP Professional: optimized for 32-bit processorsXP 64-bit Edition: optimized for 64-bit processorsXP Media Center Edition: optimized to maximize users’ experience with video, audio, images, TV, CD/DVD playbackXP Tablet PC Edition: improved speech and pen capabilitiesXP Home Edition. Same as XP Professional, but doesn’t support: Encryption File System (EFS), Domain Client capability, Offline files, Internet Protocol Security (IPSec), Remote Desktop, Internet Information Service.Win XP Professional Features11Windows Server 2003 FeaturesStandard EditionEnterprise Edition12Windows Server 2003 FeaturesDataCenter EditionWeb Edition13Other Windows 2003 versionsWindows Compute Cluster Server 2003Released in June 2006 Designed for computers to be clustered together to achieve supercomputing speeds Windows Storage Server 2003Optimized for file and print sharing and for Storage Area Network (SAN)Windows Home ServerAnnounced on January 7, 2007 at the Consumer Electronics Show by Bill GatesFor homes with multiple connected PCs to offer file sharing, automated backups, and remote access Source: wikipedia.org14Features in Windows 2003Active Directory (AD) servicesEnhanced security (using Kerberos and IPSec)Encrypting file system (EFS)Fault-tolerance (disk, configuration errors recovery, etc.)Clustering and Network Load balancing supportSystem Resource ManagementFAT32, NTFS, CDFS*, UDF* support* CD File System and Universal Disk Format for storing files on optical media15Difference between Win XP/2003 OSCommon OS functionsNo Disk Fault-toleranceGood for managing a network with a few computers in a WorkgroupDisk Fault-ToleranceActive DirectoryClusteringNetwork Load-BalancingWorkstation OSNetwork Operating systems16Disk fault toleranceFault tolerance achieved through disk redundancy Disk redundancy can be accomplished: by installing backup diskThrough Software RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks)The OS manages the disks of the array through normal disk controller  Through Hardware RAIDRequires a special-purpose RAID controllerRAID’s basic idea isTo mirror a disk (i.e. to have a disk and its identical image) orTo spread (or strip) data across many disksServer’s capability to continue functioning in case of disk failureRAID ControllerServerDisk1Disk3Disk117RAIDRAID 0