Study Guide: Midterm 1 Geog 2412, Fall 2011This is an outline of what has been covered in class so far, week by week. It should be used as a guide for you to review your lecture notes. You should also refer back to the keywords given in each lecture and make sure you know what they mean and how they relate to the material covered either in class, in your reading, or both. You should also use you textbook to study. You can do this by: reviewing key words (bolded and boxed throughout the chapter), reviewing the section at the end of each chapter titled, “Thinking with…,” and making sure you can answer the “Questions for Review” at the end of each chapter. Outline of what has been covered so to guide your studyingI. Week 1: Nature Society Geographya. What is a nature-society perspective? b. Where does knowledge about the environment come from?c. How does the question of lion conservation look from different perspectives?d. Geographic Political ecologye. Reconciliation ecologyII. Week 2: Population and Scarcity approacha. Exponential growthb. Linear growthc. Malthus d. Neo-Malthusiane. Environmental Kuznets curvef. IPATg. Carrying capacityh. Ecological footprinti. Shifting cultivationj. Green revolutionk. Demographic transition modell. Fertility rates, women’s rights, educationm. What are the general assumptions of a population perspective? How would this impact possible ‘sollutions’ to environmental problems?n. What are the limitations of a population perspective?o. The role of consumptionII. Week 3: Markets and Commoditiesa. Paul Ehrlich and Julian Simon’s betb. Neoclassicism (assumptions) c. Market response modeld. Jervons’ Paradoxe. Coase’s Theorem f. Externalitiesg. Market Failuresh. Story of Stuff film The golden arrow, planned and perceived obsolescencei. Transaction Costsj. Monopoly, Monopsony k. Peak Oill. Market environmentalism Policies - green taxes, incentives… Market-based solutions Cap and trade (acid rain, carbon trading) – how does it work? Eco-labeling, eco-footprints, Greenwashing Ecosystem services - Wetland banking- Biodiversity m. Value and limits of a Market PerspectiveIII. Week 4: Institutions and the Commonsa. Prisoner’s Dilemmab. The Tragedy of the Commons (TOC) Theory: assumptions and critiques c. Institutions, what are they?d. Common property management (how does it work?)e. Social Darwinismf. Montreal Protocol – what is it? What is it an example of?g. Ostrom’s characteristics of a successful commonsh. Open access/Common property/Private property/State propertyi. Importance of Scale in managing commonsj. Examples from Kitengela Rangelands, Kenya and India Jointly Managed ForestsIV. Week 5: Environmental Ethicsa. Ethics (Normative v Descriptive)b. Consequentialism, Deontology, Virtue Ethicsc. Environmental justiced. Dominion thesise. Stewardshipf. Anthropocentrismg. Utilitarianh. Pinchot, Muir, their beliefs i. Conservation vs. Preservationj. Land Ethick. Ecologyl. Ecocentrismm. Moral Extensionismn. Deep Ecology, intrinsic valueo. Holismp. Naturalistic Fallacyq. Scientismr. Social Ecologys. Pragmatismt. Examples of the use of ethicsu. Animal rightsv. Shielding the Mountains
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