1 Study Guide: Final, Geog 2412, Fall 2011 This is an outline of what has been covered in class since the last midterm, week by week. The vast majority of the questions will be about the material covered since the second mid‐term. The exam is cumulative in the sense you will need to be able to deploy the perspectives learned in the first part of the class to understand the objects in the second part of the class. Even the object carbon comes back into play to help understand the objects of water and trees. If you are still unclear about particular aspects of the different perspectives you should revisit early chapters or see your TA, Dr. Goldman, or Eric in office hours. Also look over the review games played in class; they are available from the class homepage. This study guide should be used as an outline and checklist for the material that has been covered and that you are expected to know from lecture, films, and your reading. You should also refer back to the keywords given in each lecture and make sure you know what they mean and how they relate to the material covered either in class, in your reading, or both. You should also use your textbook to study. You can do this by: reviewing key words (bolded and boxed throughout the chapter), reviewing the section at the end of each chapter titled, “Thinking with…,” and making sure you can answer the “Questions for Review” at the end of each chapter. • Week Eleven: Trees (Guest Lecture, Movie: Shaman’s Apprentice, Ch. 10) o Movie: Shaman’s Apprentice o UNREDD: why  Market perspective  Institutions perspective  Population perspective  Political economy perspective • Primitive accumulation • Second Contradiction of Capitalism  Social Construction of forests as global carbon sinks o Carbon Democracy, UNREDD, indigenous peoples, and carbon markets  Creating carbon markets for forests  Recognizing indigenous rights  Problems with UNREDD, making carbon markets  Definitions of a forest o Do trees=forests? What are the differences?  Trees and Civilization  The Berkeley Story  Symbolic and material value of trees  Ecosystem services of forests 2 o The goals of forest conservation: protecting forests from what? • Role of humans in forests (e.g. agriculture) • People can contribute to healthy forests. How? • Reconciliation Ecology o Clements and Succession  Succession (define)  Climax community (define)  Equilibrium vs. Disturbance thinking o Ecosystem services provided by forests o Swidden cultivation o Population and Markets: the Forest Transition theory o Political Economy: Accumulation and Deforestation  Uneven Development (link back to REDD)  Shift away from common property resources o Ethics (do trees have rights)?  Ecocentrism  Anthropocentrism • Week Twelve: Wolves and other Threatened Species (Movie: Wolves in Paradise, Ch. 11) o Movie: Wolves in Paradise o The politics of the reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone o The ecological role of wolves  Biodiversity  Apex predators o The social construction of wolves  The Euro‐American construct and Its effect on the treatment of wolves • The links to ‘wild’ and masculinity  The Native American construct o Ethics and wolves o Wolf recovery success (politics and ecology)  The Minnesota Story  The Yellowstone Story  Could wolves be reintroduced to Rocky Mountain National Park (RMNP)? • Elk in RMNP o Biodiversity (define)  Know and define the different levels of biodiversity (genetic, species, ecosystem).  The different concerns, interventions/solutions as related to each level  The ways the levels interact  How different perspectives might argue to save biodiversity 3  What is conservation biology  Different Approaches to Conservation  Maximum sustainable yield • Week Thirteen: Water (guest lecture, Film Flow, and Ch. 13) o Bottled water  Market manipulation  Manipulation of risk perception  Private accumulation (define)  Production of scarcity  Commodity (define)  Common resource (define)  Enclosed commons Movie: Flow  Privatization of water • Bolivia • South Africa  The bottled water industry • Where does the water really come from? • The social construction of water by bottled water companies  Dams: the social and environmental costs  Neslté in Michigan  Coca‐cola in India o Are we running out of water?  Hydrological cycle  Water in the US • Distribution of water • Doctrines • Colorado River Compact • Demand Management • Climate Change • Water‐Energy nexis • Water Quality • Use the different perspectives to ask why we might think the West is running out of water. • Week Fourteen: Fall Break • Week Fifteen: Potato and food biodiversity (Ch. 14, Movie clip from: Botany of Desire) o Monocropping/monocultures o Columbian Exchange o The story of potatoes rise in Europe o The story of the French fry 4 o Russet Burbank o Environmental impacts of French Fries  Human Body  Landscape o Population  Was Malthus correct?  Green Revolution’s connection to population growth  Is population or distribution the problem? o Risks  Health and risk in choosing what you eat  Food security, monocropping and risk • Irish Potato famine  Better information = better choices, or do we really have a choice? o Political Economy  Demand and supply  The treadmill of production  Spatial fix  Marketing influence o Institutions  FDA, FAO  Regulations for safety and security  Collective action  But… politics o Market  Organic foods  Green marketing  Coase theorem o Ethics and Agrodiversity  Genetic modification  Ecocentrism  Biocentrism  Anthropocentrism  Preservation vs. Conservation • Loss of diversity Traditional vs. Industrial agriculture o Green Revolution and GMOs o Movie clip from lecture notes: Botany of Desire o Positive changes  Fair Trade  Slow food movement  Farmer’s markets  Price of organic food 5