Study Guide: Midterm 2, Geog 2412, Fall 2011 This is an outline of what was covered, week by week, since the last midterm. Some material covered prior to the last midterm may also be on this exam, though the majority of the material will come from the weeks listed below. This should be used as a guide for you to review your lecture notes. You should also refer back to the keywords given in each lecture and make sure you know what they mean and how they relate to the material covered either in class, in your reading, or both. You should also use you textbook to study. You can do this by: reviewing key words (bolded and boxed throughout the chapter), reviewing the section at the end of each chapter titled, “Thinking with…,” and making sure you can answer the “Questions for Review” at the end of each chapter. Week 6 – Risks and Hazards a. Hazards and Risks b. Are risks natural or social? c. Gilbert White d. Risk Perception e. Culture Theory f. Precautionary Principle g. Political Economy of risk h. Externalities i. The Bhopal Gas Disaster j. Vulnerability as a function of knowledge and power k. Decision‐Making and Adaptation Week 7 – Political Economy l. Wangari Maathai m. Lawrence Summers n. Institutional (environmental) racism o. Karl Marx and some Key Terms: i. Commodity ii. Means of Production iii. Conditions of Production iv. Surplus Value v. Primitive Accumulation vi. Exchange Value vii. Relations of Production viii. Over accumulation p. First Contradiction of Capitalism q. James O’Connor and the Second Contradiction of Capitalism r. Environmental justice – Definition and main principles i. Role of gender in environmental movements • Eco‐feminist movement • Rachel Carson ii. Love Canal iii. Superfund sites s. Uneven development i. Digital divide and computer waste dumps ii. Production of Nature t. Commodification u. Spatial Fix v. Political economy critiques of: i. Market environmentalism ii. Ecosystem Services Week 8 – Social Construction of Nature a. What is Nature? b. The National Park Ideal i. Wilderness ii. Indigenous people iii. London Convention of 1933 iv. Yellowstone Model c. Constructivist d. Race (as a social construction) e. Discourse, Narrative, Ideologies f. Impacts of environmental discourses i. Policies ii. Knowledge/power g. Desertification h. Cronon: “The Trouble with Wilderness” i. Co‐production of nature and society j. Disneyification of Nature k. Movie, “A Place Without People” l. Limits of Social Construction approach Week Ten: Carbon Dioxide (chpt 9) a. Characteristics of CO2 and the carbon cycle b. The science of Climate change and the links with Carbon a. Earth’s energy Budget b. Milankovitch Cycles c. Greenhouse effect d. Solar Radiative Forcing e. Feedback loops c. Evidence and impacts: glacier retreats, sea level rise, ice melt d. How to deal with Carbon and Global Warming? i. Institutions 1. The Carbon Prisoner’s dilemma ii. Kyoto and post‐Kyoto: Mitigation, Adaptation , carbon sequestration iii. Market Perspective 1. Carbon markets and Cap and trade iv. Political economy Perspective 1. Problems with the market approach 2. Climate justice 3. Uneven distribution of risks and costs.
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