The questionThe puzzleThe Positions (with sample participants, see stakeholder descriptions below)What you need to doA good paper needs to . . .2.Ese ‘eja community member: Ramon Mishaja belongs to indigenous Ese’eja [ay-say-ha] community of Sonene. He fears that his people are losing rights to their ancestral lands. He is still grieving for his uncle who died from a hunger strike after being jailed for hunting in the park outside assigned indigenous land. He wants the Ese’ja people to regain their right to hunt and use the forest as they wish. In fact, he believes that Ese’eja reserves should be significantly expanded. Ramon is a member of FENAMAD, the Federation of Indigenous People of Madre-de-Dios. Some of his family members work for Rainforest Expeditions, an ecotourism company.3.Riberenyo: Pablo Armoto has made an informal claim to 180 hectares of forested land along the Tambopata River. He’s planted crops, but he’s not making a profit. He keeps farming anyway because if he does not work the land, another colonist might claim the land. He’d like to sell timber from his land, but this is illegal. He’s considering selling his timber to a corrupt merchant, but he’d be paid just 1/3 the fair price. Pablo is an excellent hunter. Even though he knows it is illegal, he sometimes sells game meat in the city to pay for his children’s school fees and medical bills. Pablo has noticed that he has to go ever deeper into the forest to still find large game. Once he was threatened by the guards of a tourism company when they discovered him hunting by their lodge. So he turned to fishing for awhile.4.Colonist farmers: José and Ana Herrera are recent colonists from Cuzco, a city in the Peruvian Andean mountains where there is little land and high unemployment. They arrived in Tambopata 5 years ago and made an informal claim to 30 hectares along the highway. They plant crops until the soil is ‘tired’, convert it to pasture and ranch cattle. They hope someday to buy a truck and sell food and goods to the miners. Some of their neighbors are talking about selling their land to soybean and palm oil companies, and then moving deeper into the forest to farm. Others are interested in forming a new co-op to grow organic coffee. The Herreras belong to FADEMAD. They keep pushing their leaders to take a firm pro-agriculture stand.5.Leader of FADEMAD: Alan Moreno sees himself as the defender of the local poor farmers AND the forest. He grew up in the Amazon, as did his father and grandfather. He’s proud of his farm because it contains many different crops growing together in a way that protects the soil and attracts wildlife. During the 1990s, he was the key leader of FADEMAD and worked closely with environmentalists to help farmers better use their land and destroy less forest. Because of his inspired leadership, international conservationists flew Alan to Washington to speak about the positive role of local farmers in conservation. But eventually, other men in FADEMAD became more powerful, particularly newcomers from the Andes (colonists). To save his political career, Alan has had to publicly announce that the rights of local farmers to make a living are more important than biodiversity. He has also publicly criticized tourism companies for favoring indigenous people over colonists and riberenyos.6.Leader of FENAMAD: Agustin Achuni is a leader of the Local Federation of Native People of Madre de Dios (FENAMAD), a grassroots organization entirely composed of indigenous people. Their mission is to defend their land from colonists and other outside interests, and to achieve autonomous authority to manage their lands as they choose. Some members of FENAMAD believe ecotourism is a profitable business for indigenous people, others see it as exploitative. Agustin also has to deal with the fact that some members of FENAMAD are miners, while other members oppose mining. All agree that indigenous people are the poorest group in Madre de Dios and that they must fight for any political power.7.Co-founder of Rainforest Expeditions: Peruvian Eduardo Nycander is passionate about biodiversity conservation, but believes that saving the rainforest must be profitable to be successful. His company is committed to sharing revenue with Ese’eja communities and eventually turning the business over to them. Eduardo is worried and angry about the surge in mining activities along the rivers. His tourists complain when they see mining deep in the forest. They paid to visit pristine Amazon forest! He has heard other ecotourism operators talk about paying for a police force to enforce the law and evict miners from Rio Malinowski. The police are reluctant to confront large groups of armed miners.8.Conservation biologist from Conservation International, Washington, D.C. Emily Miller feels a desperate urgency to conserve tropical rainforests. She has traveled all over Latin America and has seen forest after forest cleared for agriculture and ranching. She is terribly frustrated that many parks in Latin America are not really protected. She knows that Tambopata is one of the last large blocks of intact forest on the planet and is an important refuge for biodiversity. She has successfully managed to raise $750,000 from U.S. agencies to support conservation activities in Peru. She channels this money to the Peruvian conservation organizations. She has pretty good working relationships in Peru, but it gets tense sometimes. She’d like to see the money go to more strict park protection, while her Peruvian colleagues are more open to compromising with local farmers.Name: Recitation Number: Assignment 4: Tree Debate, Tambopata Forest ManagementThis assignment needs to be 1 page (no more than 2 pages), typed, double or one and one half spaced, 11 or 12pt font. It needs to be completed for recitation the week of November 7th. This assignment will also serve as a basis for a debate to be held in your recitation that same week. You will be graded both on the quality and content of your written answers as well as your performance in the debate.The question This week you will examine the question: Can the different stakeholders of Tambopata come to an agreement on how to use the forest? What sort of plan would work best for the forest?The puzzleThe Tambopata Rainforest in Peru is one of the most biologically diverse and least disturbed areas on the planet. Ecologists want to save this area, but most local