Study Guide: Midterm 2, Geog 2412, Fall 2011This is an outline of what was covered, week by week, since the last midterm. Some material covered prior to the last midterm may also be on this exam, though the majority of the material will come from the weeks listed below. This should be used as a guide for you to review your lecture notes. You should also refer back to the keywords given in each lecture and make sure you know what they mean and how they relate to the material covered either in class, in your reading, or both. You should also use you textbook to study. You can do this by: reviewing key words (bolded and boxed throughout the chapter), reviewing the section atthe end of each chapter titled, “Thinking with…,” and making sure you can answer the “Questions for Review” at the end of each chapter. Week 6 – Risks and Hazardsa. Hazards and Risksb. Are risks natural or social?c. Gilbert Whited. Risk Perceptione. Culture Theoryf. Precautionary Principleg. Political Economy of riskh. Externalitiesi. The Bhopal Gas Disasterj. Vulnerability as a function of knowledge and powerk. Decision-Making and AdaptationWeek 7 – Political Economyl. Wangari Maathaim. Lawrence Summersn. Institutional (environmental) racismo. Karl Marx and some Key Terms: i. Commodityii. Means of Productioniii. Conditions of Productioniv. Surplus Valuev. Primitive Accumulationvi. Exchange Valuevii. Relations of Productionviii. Over accumulationp. First Contradiction of Capitalismq. James O’Connor and the Second Contradiction of Capitalismr. Environmental justice – Definition and main principles i. Role of gender in environmental movements - Eco-feminist movement- Rachel Carsonii. Love Canaliii. Superfund sitess. Uneven developmenti. Digital divide and computer waste dumpsii. Production of Naturet. Commodificationu. Spatial Fixv. Political economy critiques of:i. Market environmentalismii. Ecosystem ServicesWeek 8 – Social Construction of Naturea. What is Nature?b. The National Park Ideali. Wildernessii. Indigenous peopleiii. London Convention of 1933iv. Yellowstone Modelc. Constructivistd. Race (as a social construction)e. Discourse, Narrative, Ideologiesf. Impacts of environmental discourses i. Policiesii. Knowledge/powerg. Desertificationh. Cronon: “The Trouble with Wilderness”i. Co-production of nature and societyj. Disneyification of Naturek. Movie, “A Place Without People”l. Limits of Social Construction approachWeek Ten: Carbon Dioxide (chpt 9)a. Characteristics of CO2 and the carbon cycle b. The science of Climate change and the links with Carbona. Earth’s energy Budgetb. Milankovitch Cyclesc. Greenhouse effectd. Solar Radiative Forcinge. Feedback loopsc. Evidence and impacts: glacier retreats, sea level rise, ice meltd. How to deal with Carbon and Global Warming?i. Institutions1. The Carbon Prisoner’s dilemmaii. Kyoto and post-Kyoto: Mitigation, Adaptation , carbon sequestrationiii. Market Perspective1. Carbon markets and Cap and tradeiv. Political economy Perspective1. Problems with the market approach2. Climate justice3. Uneven distribution of risks and
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