Anthropology 101 1st Edition Lecture 6Outline of Last Lecture I. SpeciesII. Speciation III. CladogenesisIV. Anagenesis V. Adaptive Radiation VI. Convergent Evolution VII. HominidVIII. HomininIX. Oligocene X. MioceneXI. PlioceneXII. Foramen MagnumXIII. Bipedalism XIV. Australopithecus XV. Sexual Dimorphism XVI. GracilleOutline of Current Lecture I. Oldowan ToolsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.II. Louis LeakeyIII. Paleolithic IV. Cranial Capacity V. Homo Habilis VI. Homo Erectus VII. Archaic Homo Sapiens Current Lecture-Oldowan Tools (2.6-1.2 MYA)oFirst tools:-Pebble choppersUnimpressive, small rocks3 flakes, chunks knocked off at them that gave a sharp edge for cutting Only some kind of rocks workedMust have an idea of what is being made, cannot alter or imagine as yougo when building oneShow a dramatic shift in creatures-Unproven that they actually made tools-Its expected that they did though-Louis Leakey (1959)oLived in Kenya with his wife and 2 kidsoLooked for fossils oGreat field researcheroHad a particular approach [glant ego + perspective]oHomo habils-->pebble choppersoLumpers-A person who sees the similarities between organismsoSplitters-Sees the differences between species and organismsoLouis Leakey was a splitter-Paleolithic oLower (early)-Old stone-Chipped stone toolsoUpper (late)-Ground stone tools-Cranial Capacity o310 cc Australopithecus o580-752 cc Homo habillso775-1225 cc Homo erectus-Modern Humans don’t have cranial capacities of 1225 cc-Homo Habilis oHunt-Didn’t know how to kill animals with their hands or tools-Probably did not do a lot of planned hunting-But opportunistic huntingoTalk-Unclear-There is differentiation on their brains but it is difficult to comprehend what the differences mean-Homo Erectus 2 MYA-143,000oUpright manoNobody knew how many millions of years creatures had been already been walking uprightoThe first fossil human to leave africa-Went to europe-East asia-Middle eastoSloping brow ridegeoNear modern brainoNear modern post cranialoMore of their lower face sticks forwardoMade many tools-First tool foundAcheulean hand axe-Butchered deer and hunted food-Have a distinct pattern and symmetry Fire-1-1.3 MYA Africa-700,000 ThailandCaves; pole structures-Stampede animals over cliffsCould they talk?-Yes they could talk-The brains that present a well-developed speech center-Archaic Homo Sapienso400,000-200,000 Transitional o125,000-30,000 neanderthal -Very distinctive skull-Long from front to back -Shallow forehead-Robust buildsoLots of variation depending on where in the world they wereoMany more tools-Spear pointsoCulture-Bones rubbed with ochre-Old people-Burials-Mammoth bones polished and covered in
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