Anthropology 101 1st Edition Lecture 6 Outline of Last Lecture I Species II Speciation III Cladogenesis IV Anagenesis V Adaptive Radiation VI Convergent Evolution VII Hominid VIII Hominin IX Oligocene X Miocene XI Pliocene XII Foramen Magnum XIII Bipedalism XIV Australopithecus XV Sexual Dimorphism XVI Gracille Outline of Current Lecture I Oldowan Tools These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute II III IV V VI VII Louis Leakey Paleolithic Cranial Capacity Homo Habilis Homo Erectus Archaic Homo Sapiens Current Lecture Oldowan Tools 2 6 1 2 MYA o First tools Pebble choppers Unimpressive small rocks 3 flakes chunks knocked off at them that gave a sharp edge for cutting Only some kind of rocks worked Must have an idea of what is being made cannot alter or imagine as you go when building one Show a dramatic shift in creatures Unproven that they actually made tools Its expected that they did though Louis Leakey 1959 o Lived in Kenya with his wife and 2 kids o Looked for fossils o Great field researcher o Had a particular approach glant ego perspective o Homo habils pebble choppers o Lumpers A person who sees the similarities between organisms o Splitters Sees the differences between species and organisms o Louis Leakey was a splitter Paleolithic o Lower early Old stone Chipped stone tools o Upper late Ground stone tools Cranial Capacity o 310 cc Australopithecus o 580 752 cc Homo habills o 775 1225 cc Homo erectus Modern Humans don t have cranial capacities of 1225 cc Homo Habilis o Hunt Didn t know how to kill animals with their hands or tools Probably did not do a lot of planned hunting o Talk But opportunistic hunting Unclear There is differentiation on their brains but it is difficult to comprehend what the differences mean Homo Erectus 2 MYA 143 000 o Upright man o Nobody knew how many millions of years creatures had been already been walking upright o The first fossil human to leave africa Went to europe East asia Middle east o Sloping brow ridege o Near modern brain o Near modern post cranial o More of their lower face sticks forward o Made many tools First tool found Acheulean hand axe Butchered deer and hunted food Have a distinct pattern and symmetry Fire 1 1 3 MYA Africa 700 000 Thailand Caves pole structures Stampede animals over cliffs Could they talk Yes they could talk The brains that present a well developed speech center Archaic Homo Sapiens o 400 000 200 000 Transitional o 125 000 30 000 neanderthal Very distinctive skull Long from front to back Shallow forehead Robust builds o Lots of variation depending on where in the world they were o Many more tools Spear points o Culture Bones rubbed with ochre Old people Burials Mammoth bones polished and covered in ochre
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