Anthropology 101 1st Edition Lecture 5 Outline of Last Lecture II Hardy Weinberg Law III Genetic Drif a Definition IV Founders effect a Definition V Gene Flow VI Ecological niche VII Primates a Prosimians b Monkeys i New world ii Old world c Apes i Lesser ii greater d humans VIII Mendels laws a Segregation b Independent assortment XI Dating XII Holistic XIII Artifact XIV Law of superposition Outline of Current Lecture I Species II Speciation III Cladogenesis IV Anagenesis These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute V Adaptive Radiation VI Convergent Evolution VII Hominid VIII Hominin IX Oligocene X Miocene XI Pliocene XII Foramen Magnum XIII Bipedalism XIV Australopithecus XV Sexual Dimorphism XVI Gracille Current Lecture Species o Population that can and does breed together and that produces offspring that are viable and fertile o They survive and can have offspring of their own Speciation o How species develop Branching Cladogenesis Adaptive Radiation o When an organism branches away instead of growing straight Straight anagenesis o Evolution in the same place that the organism is o Adapting to the same environment that a species finds themselves Adaptive Radiation o Evolution of a number of divergent species from a common ancestor o Species adapt specialized to a specific environmental niche Convergent Evolution o 2 kinds of species come to look very similar o Bat and a bird parallel evolution Both can fly and have wings but do not have the same characteristics or qualities Adaptation o Physical biological adaptation o o Behavior cultural adaptation Adjustment of an organism or a group of organisms to a particular setting Hominid o Humans and their closely related extinct ancestors Hominin o No apes Eocene 56 34 million years ago o Prosimians Primitive primates Jump Grasp Binocular vision Oligocene 34 25 MYA o Monkeys Diverse nocturnal vs diurnal trees vs ground dwellers Teeth o Monkeys begin to develop to Apes Miocene 23 5 MYA o Apes o Serious forerunners of humans Pliocene 5 MYA o Hominins Not apes Foramen Magnum o big hole o Where the spinal cord attaches o Shrinks as more human like creatures evolved Wrong Piltdown Man 1912 1953 o 1953 proved as a hoax o Discovery by a fossil hunter o Mixed skull from multiple species Late Miocene 6 MYA o African forests drying o New ecological niches Savannah More competition for space in trees Bipedalism 5 MYA o Leaves hands free o Gorillas chimps humans Australopithecus Africanus o First human like species that are not monkey like o Very human like Taung Baby mYA o Species of Australopithecus Dental Arcade o Very sharp U shape more like a V to the wider U shape V U Diastema o o Space in jaw for canines to lock together gorillas Only in the earliest Australopithecus Sexual Dimorphism o 2 forms of sexual beings o Marked distinction between males and females o Humans have a surprisingly small amount of dimorphism Gracille Robust Australopithecus o Gracille Lightly Built small bones small creatures o Robust Heavier skeletons bigger builds larger creatures
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