Anthropology 101 1st Edition Lecture 5Outline of Last Lecture II. Hardy-Weinberg LawIII. Genetic Drifa. DefinitionIV. Founders effecta. Definition V. Gene FlowVI. Ecological nicheVII. Primatesa. Prosimiansb. Monkeysi. New worldii. Old worldc. Apesi. Lesserii. greaterd. humansVIII. Mendels lawsa. Segregationb. Independent assortmentXI. DatingXII. HolisticXIII. ArtifactXIV. Law of superposition Outline of Current Lecture I. SpeciesII. Speciation III. CladogenesisIV. Anagenesis These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.V. Adaptive Radiation VI. Convergent Evolution VII. HominidVIII. HomininIX. Oligocene X. MioceneXI. PlioceneXII. Foramen MagnumXIII. Bipedalism XIV. Australopithecus XV. Sexual Dimorphism XVI. GracilleCurrent Lecture-SpeciesoPopulation that can and does breed together and that produces offspring that are viable and fertileoThey survive and can have offspring of their own-Speciation oHow species develop-Branching [Cladogenesis] (Adaptive Radiation oWhen an organism branches away instead of growing [straight]-Straight [anagenesis]oEvolution in the same place that the organism isoAdapting to the same environment that a species finds themselves-Adaptive Radiation oEvolution of a number of divergent species from a common ancestor oSpecies adapt specialized to a specific environmental niche-Convergent Evolution o2 kinds of species come to look very similar oBat and a bird (parallel evolution)-Both can fly and have wings but do not have the same characteristics or qualities-Adaptation oPhysical [biological] adaptationoBehavior [cultural] adaptation oAdjustment of an organism or a group of organisms to a particular setting-HominidoHumans and their closely related extinct ancestors-HomininoNo apes-Eocene (56-34 million years ago)oProsimians -Primitive primates-Jump-Grasp-Binocular vision-Oligocene (34-25 MYA)oMonkeys-Diverse (nocturnal vs. diurnal, trees vs. ground dwellers)-TeethoMonkeys begin to develop to Apes-Miocene (23-5 MYA)oApes oSerious forerunners of humans-Pliocene (5+ MYA)oHominins -Not apes!-Foramen Magnumo"big hole"oWhere the spinal cord attachesoShrinks as more human like creatures evolved-**[Wrong] Piltdown Man (1912-1953)o1953 proved as a hoaxoDiscovery by a fossil hunteroMixed skull from multiple species-Late Miocene +/- 6 MYAoAfrican forests dryingoNew ecological niches-Savannah -More competition for space in trees-Bipedalism -5 MYAoLeaves hands freeoGorillas, chimps, humans-Australopithecus [Africanus]oFirst human like species that are not monkey likeoVery human like-Taung Baby +/- mYAoSpecies of Australopithecus-Dental ArcadeoVery sharp U shape (more like a V) to the wider U shape. V-->U-DiastemaoSpace in jaw for canines to lock together (gorillas)oOnly in the earliest Australopithecus -Sexual Dimorphism o 2 forms of sexual beings oMarked, distinction between males and femalesoHumans have a surprisingly small amount of dimorphism -Gracille/ Robust [Australopithecus]oGracille-Lightly Built, small bones, small creaturesoRobust-Heavier skeletons, bigger builds, larger
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