Anthropology 101 Lecture 2 Outline of Last Lecture I Introduction to Anthropology Outline of Current Lecture II Theory A Definition of theory III Evolution a Definition of evolution IV Natural Selection V People that influenced anthropology Current Lecture Theory A coherent statement about the relationship of cause and effect Theories are based on hypothesis and are subject to constant refinement and validation Theories are not teleological That is they are not developed with a specific goal in mind except to explain perceived phenomenon Theory Evolution started as a theory Heliocentric theory theory of universe where planets revolve around the sun How cause and effect are related Hypothesis Theories are based on these Reasoned arguments based on evidence Informed guess not proven Teleological Geared to a particular goal Theories should not be used to find a conclusion you ve already found Evolution Cumulative process of natural selection Not teleological Populations evolve individuals to not Natural selection 1 Random variation spontaneous mutation a Variable population These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute 2 Polytypic species a Variable population 3 Differential effect of environment on survival of different individuals Natural selection Key to evolution Survival of the fittest Environment All organisms Adaptation Linnaeus 1701 78 Classification of structure Classify all living things in the universe o By kingdom o Region Asked others members of intellectual world to send him preserved specimens of plants or animals that they didn t know what to do with Divided all living organisms to 2 groups o 1 that made their own food then the other didn t o Plants animals o We don t classify angels but he classified them Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Malthus 1766 1834 Fluctuation of populations Cleft pallet Bread would remain expensive so men would not have children and the population would be managed Social economic environment Lyell 1797 1875 Principles of geology 1830 Uniformitarism Same things are still going on Fossils in places they shouldn t be Things change Wallace 1823 1913 Co discovery of evolution Darwin 1809 1882 Origin of Species 1859 Studied on Galapagos island Saw giant tortoises Natural selection Lamarck 1444 1829 Inheritance of acquired characteristics FALSE Lysenko 1898 1976 Russian Lamarckian
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