Anthropology 101 Lecture 2Outline of Last Lecture I. Introduction to AnthropologyOutline of Current Lecture II. TheoryA. Definition of theory III. Evolutiona. Definition of evolutionIV. Natural SelectionV. People that influenced anthropology Current LectureTheoryA coherent statement about the relationship of cause and effect. Theories are based on hypothesis and are subject to constant refinement and validation. Theories are not teleological. That is they are not developed with a specific goal in mind, except to explain perceived phenomenon. Theory - Evolution started as a theory- Heliocentric theory, theory of universe where planets revolve around the sun- How cause and effect are relatedHypothesis- Theories are based on these- Reasoned arguments based on evidence- Informed guess, not proven Teleological- Geared to a particular goal - Theories should not be used to find a conclusion you’ve already foundEvolution- Cumulative process of natural selection. Not teleological. Populations evolve, individuals to not.Natural selection1. Random variation (spontaneous mutation)a. Variable populationThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.2. Polytypic speciesa. Variable population3. Differential effect of environment on survival of different individualsNatural selection- Key to evolution- Survival of the fittest- Environment - All organisms- Adaptation Linnaeus 1701-78- Classification of structure- Classify all living things in the universeo By kingdom o Region - Asked others members of intellectual world to send him preserved specimens of plants or animals that they didn’t know what to do with- Divided all living organisms to 2 groupso 1 that made their own food, then the other didn’t o Plants & animalso We don’t classify angels, but he classified them- Kingdom- Phylum- Class- Order- Family- Genus Malthus 1766-1834- Fluctuation of populations- Cleft pallet - Bread would remain expensive so men would not have children and the population would be managed- Social & economic environment Lyell 1797-1875- Principles of geology (1830)- Uniformitarism - Same things are still going on - Fossils in places they shouldn’t be - Things changeWallace 1823-1913- Co-discovery of evolutionDarwin 1809-1882- Origin of Species 1859- Studied on Galapagos island- Saw giant tortoises- Natural selectionLamarck 1444-1829- Inheritance of acquired characteristics FALSELysenko 1898-1976- Russian
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