CAS LX 522 Syntax IBack to business…Recall…Slide 4Slide 5Reluctance to leaveSlide 7Slide 8Reluctance…Slide 10Slide 11Slide 12If there’s a PRO, how do we know?Slide 14IdiomsSlide 16Slide 17Slide 18ControlSubject and object controlPROarb“Control theory”Slide 23The PRO conundrumSlide 25Slide 26Control TheoryPRO: One possible piece of supportSlide 29PRO: recapBack to raisingSlide 32Slide 33Side note: ChainsSlide 35Italian subjectsSlide 37Little proSlide 39Features and checkingSlide 41Features of TSlide 43Spec-head agreementSpecTPSlide 46Slide 47Slide 48Case checking seems symmetricalMoving to Case positionsSlide 51Slide 52So where are we?Wh-questionsSlide 55Slide 56Slide 57Slide 58Slide 59Week 8. Control and PROWeek 8. Control and PROCAS LX 522CAS LX 522Syntax ISyntax IBack to Back to business…business…Mary is likely to leave.Mary is likely to leave.Mary Mary starts in SpecVP,starts in SpecVP,gets a gets a -role from -role from leaveleave..AdjlikelyAdjAdjPDPiMaryVVPT[pres]TTPDSVPTtoTTPleaveVVCC[–Q]CPVbeRecall…Recall…Mary is likely to leave.Mary is likely to leave.Mary Mary starts in SpecVP,starts in SpecVP,gets a gets a -role from -role from leaveleave..MaryMary moves up to the moves up to the embedded SpecTP toembedded SpecTP tosatisfy the EPP.satisfy the EPP.MaryMary still doesn’t have still doesn’t have Case.Case.AdjlikelyAdjAdjPDPiMarytjVVPVj+Tbe+[pres]TTPVPTtoTTPleaveVVtiCC[–Q]CPRecall…Recall…Mary is likely to leave.Mary is likely to leave.Mary Mary starts in SpecVP,starts in SpecVP,gets a gets a -role from -role from leaveleave..MaryMary moves up to the moves up to the embedded SpecTP toembedded SpecTP tosatisfy the EPP.satisfy the EPP.MaryMary still doesn’t have Case. still doesn’t have Case.MaryMary moves up to main moves up to main clause SpecTP, satisfying clause SpecTP, satisfying the EPP and getting Case.the EPP and getting Case.AdjlikelyAdjAdjPDPiMarytjVVPVj+Tbe+[pres]TTPSSVPTtoTTPleavetiVVtiCC[–Q]CP(Note how wewrite multipletraces)Recall…Recall…This happens because This happens because likelylikely assigns only one assigns only one -role, an internal -role, an internal --role.role.LikelyLikely does not assign does not assign Case, and so Case, and so Mary Mary must must keep moving, both to keep moving, both to satisfy the EPP and to satisfy the EPP and to get Case.get Case.AdjlikelyAdjAdjPDPiMarytjVVPVj+Tbe+[pres]TTPSSVPTtoTTPleavetiVVtiCC[–Q]CPReluctance to leaveReluctance to leaveNow, consider:Now, consider:Mary is reluctant to leave.Mary is reluctant to leave.This looks very similar to This looks very similar to Mary is likely to leaveMary is likely to leave..Can we draw the same kind of tree for it?Can we draw the same kind of tree for it?How many How many -roles does -roles does reluctant reluctant assign?assign?Reluctance to leaveReluctance to leaveReluctant Reluctant has has twotwo -roles to assign.-roles to assign.One to the one feeling the reluctance (One to the one feeling the reluctance (ExperiencerExperiencer))One to the proposition about which the reluctance holds One to the proposition about which the reluctance holds ((PropositionProposition))Leave Leave has one has one -role to assign.-role to assign.To the one doing the leaving (To the one doing the leaving (AgentAgent).).In In Mary is reluctant to leaveMary is reluctant to leave, what , what -role does -role does Mary Mary get?get?Reluctance to leaveReluctance to leaveIn In Mary is reluctant to leaveMary is reluctant to leave,,MaryMary is doing the leaving, gets is doing the leaving, gets AgentAgent from from leaveleave..MaryMary is showing the reluctance, gets is showing the reluctance, gets ExperiencerExperiencer from from reluctantreluctant..And we have a problem:And we have a problem:Mary Mary appears to be getting two appears to be getting two -roles, -roles, in violation of the in violation of the -criterion-criterion..Reluctance…Reluctance…Mary is reluctant to leave.Mary is reluctant to leave.ReluctantReluctant assigns its assigns its --roles within AdjP as roles within AdjP as required, required, MaryMary moves moves up to SpecTP in the up to SpecTP in the main clause by SS.main clause by SS.But what gets the But what gets the -role -role from from leaveleave, and what , and what satisfies the EPP for the satisfies the EPP for the embedded clause?embedded clause?AdjreluctantAdjAdjPDPiMarytjVVPVj+TisTTPSSVPTtoTTPleaveti?VV?Reluctance…Reluctance…Mary is reluctant to leave.Mary is reluctant to leave.There must be There must be somethingsomething there, getting the there, getting the -role -role and satisfying the EPP.and satisfying the EPP.But we can’t see it.But we can’t see it.It’s a phonologically It’s a phonologically empty (Ø) DP. We will empty (Ø) DP. We will call it PRO.call it PRO.AdjreluctantAdjAdjPDPiMarytjVVPVj+TisTTPSSVPTtoTTPleaveti?VV?Reluctance…Reluctance…Mary is reluctant to leave.Mary is reluctant to leave.There must be There must be somethingsomething there, getting the there, getting the -role -role and satisfying the EPP.and satisfying the EPP.But we can’t see it.But we can’t see it.It’s a phonologically It’s a phonologically empty (Ø) DP. We will empty (Ø) DP. We will call it PRO.call it PRO.AdjreluctantAdjAdjPDPiMarytjVVPVj+TisTTPSSVPTtoTTPleavetiVVtkDPkPROReluctance…Reluctance…Mary is reluctantMary is reluctant[PRO to leave].[PRO to leave].PRO does not get Case.PRO does not get Case.*Mary is reluctant Bill to leave.*Mary is reluctant Bill to leave.In fact, PRO In fact, PRO cannotcannot get Case. get Case.*Mary is reluctant for to leave*Mary is reluctant for to leaveMary is reluctant for Bill to Mary is reluctant for Bill to leaveleavePRO refers (like a pronoun PRO refers (like a pronoun or an anaphor) to or an anaphor) to MaryMary..AdjreluctantAdjAdjPDPiMarytjVVPVj+TisTTPSSVPTtoTTPleavetiVVtkDPkPROIf there’s a PRO,If there’s a PRO,how do we know?how do we know?Mary is reluctant [PROMary is reluctant [PROmm to leave] to leave]MaryMaryii is likely