CAS LX 522 Syntax IPROarb giving trees to ditransitivesSlide 3Slide 4Problems continue…Slide 6Some clues from idiomsIdioms in ditransitivesSo V and IO are sisters…Where’s the V? Where’s the DO?Slide 11Slide 12PROarb sending a letter to BillAnd so it beginsLet’s go back to French…French negationFrench and a problem…Slide 18Slide 19Slide 20Slide 21A new FPWhat is FP?Slide 24AgrOPSlide 26ECMSlide 28ECM vs. BTSlide 30Slide 31Slide 32A moment of silence for Case under governmentSlide 34An AgrO you can see?Northern IrishMorphology on French verbsAgrSP?Split-INFLThe EPP & NOMAdopting the Split-INFL hypothesisSlide 42Slide 43A word about the PPAnd back to little v…VP shellsSlide 47Slide 48Slide 49Slide 50Back to the radical idea…Bill ate the sandwichBill lied.Bill lied?The sandwich was eatenSlide 56Slide 57And back to ditransitivesWeek 11. Articulating the treeWeek 11. Articulating the treeCAS LX 522CAS LX 522Syntax ISyntax IPROPROarbarb giving trees to giving trees to ditransitivesditransitivesYou may recall our You may recall our discussion of discussion of -theory, -theory, where we triumphantly where we triumphantly classified verbs as classified verbs as coming in three types:coming in three types:IntransitiveIntransitive (1 (1 -role)-role)TransitiveTransitive (2 (2 -roles)-roles)DitransitiveDitransitive (3 (3 -roles)-roles)Theta roles go to Theta roles go to obligatory arguments, obligatory arguments, not to adjunct.not to adjunct.PROPROarbarb giving trees to giving trees to ditransitivesditransitivesYou may also recall our You may also recall our happy transition to X-bar happy transition to X-bar theory, where:theory, where:All trees are binary All trees are binary branching.branching.There’s just one complement There’s just one complement and one specifier.and one specifier.And our discovery that And our discovery that subjects should start out in subjects should start out in the specifier of their the specifier of their predicate, so that predicate, so that -role -role assignment is strictly local.assignment is strictly local.PROPROarbarb giving trees to giving trees to ditransitivesditransitivesFantasticFantastic, except that the two , except that the two just don’t fit together.just don’t fit together.We know what to do with We know what to do with transitive verbs.transitive verbs.We know what to do with We know what to do with intransitive verbs:intransitive verbs:UnergativesUnergativesUnaccusativesUnaccusativesBut what do we do with But what do we do with ditransitive verbs? We’re out of ditransitive verbs? We’re out of spacespace!!OBJVVVPSUBVVVPSUBOBJVVVPProblems continue…Problems continue…I showed Mary to herself.I showed Mary to herself.*I showed herself to Mary.*I showed herself to Mary.I introduced nobody to anybody.I introduced nobody to anybody.*I introduced anybody to nobody.*I introduced anybody to nobody.This tells us something about the This tells us something about the relationship between the direct and relationship between the direct and indirect object in the structure. (What?)indirect object in the structure. (What?)Problems continue…Problems continue…The DO c-commands the IO. The DO c-commands the IO. But how could we draw a tree But how could we draw a tree like that?like that?Even if we allowed adjuncts to Even if we allowed adjuncts to get get -roles, the most natural -roles, the most natural structure would be to make structure would be to make the IO an adjunct, like this, the IO an adjunct, like this, but that doesn’t meet the c-but that doesn’t meet the c-command requirements.command requirements.DOVPSUBVVVIO*Some clues from idiomsSome clues from idiomsOften idiomatic meanings are associated Often idiomatic meanings are associated with the verb+object complex—the with the verb+object complex—the meaning derives both from the verb and meaning derives both from the verb and the object together.the object together.We take this as due to the fact that the We take this as due to the fact that the verb and object are sisters at DS.verb and object are sisters at DS.Bill Bill threw a baseballthrew a baseball..Bill Bill threw his supportthrew his support behind the candidate. behind the candidate.Bill Bill threw the boxing matchthrew the boxing match..Idioms in ditransitivesIdioms in ditransitivesIn ditransitives, it seems like this happens In ditransitives, it seems like this happens with the with the IOIO..Beethoven Beethoven gavegave the Fifth Symphony the Fifth Symphony to the worldto the world..Beethoven Beethoven gavegave the Fifth Symphony the Fifth Symphony to his patronto his patron..Lasorda Lasorda sentsent his starting pitcher his starting pitcher to the showersto the showers..Lasorda Lasorda sentsent his starting pitcher his starting pitcher to Amsterdamto Amsterdam..Mary Mary tooktook Felix Felix to taskto task..Mary Mary tooktook Felix Felix to the cleanersto the cleaners..Mary Mary tooktook Felix Felix to his doctor’s appointmentto his doctor’s appointment..So V and IO are sisters…So V and IO are sisters…Larson (1988) took this as evidence that Larson (1988) took this as evidence that the V is a sister to the IO at DS.the V is a sister to the IO at DS.Yet, we see that Yet, we see that on the surface on the surface the DO the DO comes between the verb and the IO.comes between the verb and the IO.Mary sent a letter to Bill.Mary sent a letter to Bill.Where is the DO?Where is the DO? It must c-command the It must c-command the IO, remember.IO, remember. Why is the V to the left of Why is the V to the left of the DO at SS?the DO at SS?IOVVWhere’s the V? Where’s the DO?Where’s the V? Where’s the DO?We already know how to deal with this We already know how to deal with this kind of question if what we’re talking kind of question if what we’re talking about is the verb coming before the about is the verb coming before the subject in Irish, or the verb coming subject in Irish, or the verb coming before adverbs in French…before adverbs in French…The answer: The answer: The verb The verb movesmoves over the DO. over the DO. But to where?But to where?IOVVWhere’s the V? Where’s the DO?Where’s the V? Where’s the DO?Larson’s answer to this is obvious, Larson’s answer to this is