LAW ENFORCEMENT ETHICSDeonological vs UtilitarianEthics in a DemocracyForms of BehaviorSources of EthicsSources of StandardsWhy are Ethical Standards an Issue?Social Contract (cont)Police RolesWhat constitutes a Good police officer?Principles of JusticeFairnessRule of LawBehaviorWhy is Ethics ImportantWhat is Integrity?What is Police Deviance?What is Police Corruption?RewardsSlippery SlopeWhy are Deviance/Corruption problems?CorruptionPreventing Corruption1LAW ENFORCEMENT ETHICSMeans vs Ends Dilemma2Deonological vs Utilitarianis an approach to ethics that focuses on the rightness or wrongness of intentions or motives behind action such as respect for rights, duties, or principles, as opposed to the rightness or wrongness of the consequences of those actions the moral worth of an action is determined solely by its contribution to overall utility: that is, its contribution to happiness or pleasure as summed among all persons - the moral worth of an action is determined by its outcome: put simply, the ends justify the means3Ethics in a DemocracyWhile consequences are important, the basis of a democratic society includes the notion that process is an integral part of a democracy and therefore, the basis for evaluating the behavior is the means not the ends4Forms of BehaviorEthicalOrganizational/PoliticalLegal5Sources of EthicsJusticeLawAgency Policy6Sources of StandardsLaw enforcement code of ethics and codes of professional conductOrganizational standards – established by departments and by state & national commissionsProcedural and substantive laws – established by appeal court rulings and by legislation7Why are Ethical Standards an Issue?Social ContractProtection based on control mechanisms that contribute to the maintenance of order in return for surrendingin certain rightsGovernment collectively represents the society as a whole and appoints agents (police) to enforce the control mechanisms8Social Contract (cont)Privileges granted to government include permission by the people to develop strictly limited processes and proceduresSociety expects that the government will protect citizens, respect the rights of citizens, and appoint agents who have the integrity to protect citizens and adhere to the conditions of the social contract9Police RolesProtectorCrime fighterService provider10What constitutes a Good police officer?Based upon Principles of Justice11Principles of JusticeFairnessRule of LawBehavior12FairnessUphold the law regardless of who the offender is and not single out special groupsCannot use the position to take advantage of peopleMust avoid gratuities which could give the appearance of special treatment13Rule of LawPolice are tools of the constitution and are mandated not to go beyond or supplant rule of their ownNot concerned with law breakers, but their own behavior must be within the bounds of law.Police behavior must conform to the dictates of law and policy14BehaviorPolice officers must at all times and all places maintain a high standard of behavior consistent with the position of a public servantPractice higher standards of behavior in their public and private lives than most other people15Why is Ethics ImportantPlay an important part of the internal image of policePlay an important part in how the police are perceived by the publicEnsure self-respect in the individual officerMutual respect among officers16What is Integrity?Acting in ways consistent with an ethic17What is Police Deviance?Sex on dutySleeping on dutyDrinking/chemical use on dutySexual harassmentQuid-pro-quo harassmentHostile work environment18What is Police Corruption?Takes place when an officer receives or is promised significant advantage or reward for:Doing something he/she is under duty to do any wayDoing something he/she is under duty not to doExercising a legitimate discretion for improper reasonsEmploying illegal means to achieve approved goals19RewardsPersonal rewardsMoneyGiftsAccess to powerOrganizational rewardsPromotionPeer supportApproval of Superiors20Slippery SlopeProcess of developing a “moral career”Passing through various stages of rationalization to more serious misdeeds in a graduated and systematic wayOnce a person gets past the first moral crisis, it become less difficult to rationalize new and more unethical behaviors21Why are Deviance/Corruption problems?Erosion of public serviceFalloff of confidence in government competencyOverall lack of public trust and credibilityConstant displays of lying, cheating, theft, etc. create Cynicism and threaten even the strongest code of ethic – especially when carried out by member of the criminal justice system22CorruptionMoochingPerjuryPrejudiceShoppingPremeditated TheftBribery/ExtortionShakedownsOpportunistic TheftCorruption of Authority – ChiselingKickbacksThe FixDirect Criminal ActivityInternal PayoffsCombative Corruption23Preventing CorruptionPositive LeadershipPolitical InfluenceAuthority and ResponsibilityPolicies and ProceduresInternal-Affairs unitsField Associate ProgramsTurningIntegrity