STUDY GUIDE FINAL EXAM SOC 3344 S0 07 CHAPTER 8 Multiple-Choice Questions 1. The __________ perspective involves the systematic study of mental and emotional factors of the police personality. a. psychological b. sociological c. anthropological d. subculture 2. A __________ model assumes that police officers bring their own unique characteristics to the profession. a. professionalization b. socialization c. predispositional d. cultural 3. The __________ personality is said to be characterized by conservative, aggressive, cynical, and rigid behavior. a. authoritarian b. professional c. culturalized d. legalistic 4. Which of the following perspectives maintains that their environments shape police officers? a. psychological b. physiological c. sociological d. anthropological 5. The process by which norms and values are internalized is called: a. socialization. b. culturalization. c. institutionalization. d. professionalization. 6. Which of the following is the process by which norms and values are internalized as workers begin to learn their new occupation? a. socialization b. culturalization c. institutionalization d. professionalization 7. Which of the following is NOT one of Coates’ typology of police officers? a. legalistic-abusive b. task c. community service d. problem solver 8. Which of the following is NOT one of White’s typologies of police officers? a. tough cop b. problem solver c. crime fighter d. secretive rogue 9. Muir classified four types of police officers. Which of the following best defines the “enforcer?” a. tends to be cynical and is coercion-oriented b. is sympathetic toward citizens and has difficulty being coercive c. has an integrated sense of coercion and follows rule of law d. has little sympathy and avoids being coercive10. The __________ perspective of police behavior holds that officers are influenced and shaped by their culture. a. psychological b. sociological c. anthropological d. subculture 11. A __________ is distinguished by its distinct differences and shared similarities when compared to the dominant __________. a. profession, science b. subculture, culture c. law, constitution d. ordinance, law 12. Which of the following is the idea that police officers view situations and people differently from other segments of the population? a. worldview b. ethos c. themes d. postulates 13. The police officer “worldview” utilizes an us-them mentality that leads officers to regard citizens as: a. allies. b. partners. c. symbolic assailants. d. all of the above 14. Character, disposition, or basic values specific to a particular culture or subculture is known as: a. theme. b. postulate. c. autonomy. d. ethos. 15. Which of the following is NOT a police ethos? a. ethos of bravery b. autonomy ethos c. professional ethos d. ethos of secrecy 16. Which of the following factors contribute to the development of the “code of silence?” a. potential for error in job performance b. fear of loss of autonomy c. protection of co-workers d. all of the above 17. __________ is an emotional and physical condition that makes it difficult for members of one social group to have relationships and interact with members of another group. a. Solidarity b. Ethos c. Code of secrecy d. Isolation 18. The way police officers insulate themselves against danger and community rejection is known as: a. solidarity. b. isolation. c. autonomy. d. protection. 19. Which of the following is a statement of belief held by a culture that reflects its basic orientations? a. worldview b. ethosc. themes d. postulates 20. Which of the following best describes the Christopher Commission’s findings after the beating of motorist Rodney King? a. Very few LAPD officers engage in illegal use of force. b. A significant number of LAPD officers repetitively misuse force. c. The LAPD culture emphasizes crime prevention. d. The LAPD officers view citizens with respect. 21. Which of the following are NOT elements of the Carter’s typology of sources of police stress? a. life-threatening stressors b. social isolation stressors c. community-oriented stressors d. personal stressors 22. Which of the following is a type of personal stressor? a. marital difficulties b. physiological impact of shift work c. financial constraints d. a and c only 23. Which of the following is a factor that may contribute to police suicide? a. abuse of alcohol and drugs b. ready access to firearms c. depression d. all of the above True/False 1. Of the three models of police behavior, the culturalization model is the broadest. 2. The psychological perspective of the police is the broadest level of understanding police behavior. 3. The sociological approach to understanding police behavior assumes that behavioral attributes are learned. 4. Culture is a “blueprint” for living for a group of individuals who share a territory, language, and feel responsible for each other. 5. Danger and authority make up a large part of the police worldview. 6. The police code of secrecy is also a product of the police perception of the media and their investigative function. 7. A violation of one of the police postulates is likely to result in the officer being dismissed from the organization. 8. “Don’t give up another cop” is a postulate that indicates the ethos of bravery. 9. Legalistic-abusive police officers have little sympathy for anyone who violates the law. 10. Police stress is the product of an individual officer’s inability to function properly in his or her work environment. 11. Research on alcohol and drug abuse of law enforcement officers is consistent and indicates that 1 of every 4 officers abuses either drugs or alcohol. CHAPTER 9 Multiple-Choice Questions 1. Which of the following best defines utilitarianism? a. It examines the consequences in order to determine if an action is right or wrong. b. It examines the duty to act, not the consequences of an action as a determinant of ethical behavior.c. It examines the intent of the action as a determinant of ethical behavior. d. Its meaning is best understood in terms of the greatest happiness