SOC 3344 STUDY GUIDE TEST 3 Chapters 8 THRU 10 Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____ 1. The __________ perspective involves the systematic study of mental and emotional factors of the police personality. a. psychological c. anthropological b. sociological d. subculture ____ 2. A __________ model assumes that police officers bring their own unique characteristics to the profession. a. professionalization c. predispositional b. socialization d. cultural ____ 3. The __________ personality is said to be characterized by conservative, aggressive, cynical, and rigid behavior. a. authoritarian c. culturalized b. professional d. legalistic ____ 4. Which of the following perspectives maintains that their environments shape police officers? a. psychological c. sociological b. physiological d. anthropological ____ 5. The process by which norms and values are internalized is called: a. socialization. c. institutionalization. b. culturalization. d. professionalization. ____ 6. Which of the following is the process by which norms and values are internalized as workers begin to learn their new occupation? a. socialization c. institutionalization b. culturalization d. professionalization ____ 7. Which of the following is NOT one of Coates’ typology of police officers? a. legalistic-abusive c. community service b. task d. problem solver ____ 8. Which of the following is NOT one of White’s typologies of police officers? a. tough cop c. crime fighter b. problem solver d. secretive rogue ____ 9. Muir classified four types of police officers. Which of the following best defines the “enforcer?” a. tends to be cynical and is coercion-oriented b. is sympathetic toward citizens and has difficulty being coercive c. has an integrated sense of coercion and follows rule of law d. has little sympathy and avoids being coercive ____ 10. The __________ perspective of police behavior holds that officers are influenced and shaped by their culture. a. psychological c. anthropological b. sociological d. subculture ____ 11. A __________ is distinguished by its distinct differences and shared similarities when compared to the dominant __________.a. profession, science c. law, constitution b. subculture, culture d. ordinance, law ____ 12. Which of the following is the idea that police officers view situations and people differently from other segments of the population? a. worldview c. themes b. ethos d. postulates ____ 13. The police officer “worldview” utilizes an us-them mentality that leads officers to regard citizens as: a. allies. c. symbolic assailants. b. partners. d. all of the above ____ 14. Character, disposition, or basic values specific to a particular culture or subculture is known as: a. theme. c. autonomy. b. postulate. d. ethos. ____ 15. Which of the following is NOT a police ethos? a. ethos of bravery c. professional ethos b. autonomy ethos d. ethos of secrecy ____ 16. Which of the following factors contribute to the development of the “code of silence?” a. potential for error in job performance c. protection of co-workers b. fear of loss of autonomy d. all of the above ____ 17. __________ is an emotional and physical condition that makes it difficult for members of one social group to have relationships and interact with members of another group. a. Solidarity c. Code of secrecy b. Ethos d. Isolation ____ 18. The way police officers insulate themselves against danger and community rejection is known as: a. solidarity. c. autonomy. b. isolation. d. protection. ____ 19. Which of the following is a statement of belief held by a culture that reflects its basic orientations? a. worldview c. themes b. ethos d. postulates ____ 20. Which of the following best describes the Christopher Commission’s findings after the beating of motorist Rodney King? a. Very few LAPD officers engage in illegal use of force. b. A significant number of LAPD officers repetitively misuse force. c. The LAPD culture emphasizes crime prevention. d. The LAPD officers view citizens with respect. ____ 21. Which of the following are NOT elements of the Carter’s typology of sources of police stress? a. life-threatening stressors c. community-oriented stressors b. social isolation stressors d. personal stressors ____ 22. Which of the following is a type of personal stressor? a. marital difficulties c. financial constraints b. physiological impact of shift work d. a and c only ____ 23. Which of the following is a factor that may contribute to police suicide? a. abuse of alcohol and drugs c. depression b. ready access to firearms d. all of the above ____ 24. Which of the following best defines utilitarianism?a. It examines the consequences in order to determine if an action is right or wrong. b. It examines the duty to act, not the consequences of an action as a determinant of ethical behavior. c. It examines the intent of the action as a determinant of ethical behavior. d. Its meaning is best understood in terms of the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people. ____ 25. Which of the following best defines “deontological ethics?” a. It examines the consequences in order to determine if an action is right or wrong. b. It examines the duty to act, not the consequences of an action as a determinant of ethical behavior. c. It examines the intent of the action as a determinant of ethical behavior. d. Its meaning is best understood in terms of the greatest happiness for the greatest number. ____ 26. Which of the following best describes the sole legitimate purpose of government as it was outlined in the Federalist Papers? a. to maintain order in society c. to protect life, liberty, and property b. to define the role of police agencies d. to protect citizens from criminals ____ 27. Which of the following is NOT a source of police ethics discussed in the text? a. justice c. law b. religion d. agency policy ____ 28. Which of the following is a purpose served by departmental written policies? a. to set forth the agency’s philosophy of policing b. to articulate the broad goals of the department c. to reflect the community’s expectations of the department d. all of the above ____ 29. Which of the following is NOT a purpose served by a police department’s formal policies? a. outline the agency’s principles of organization and management b. articulate the broad goals of the department c.