SOC 3344 TEST 3 STUDY GUIDE CHAPTERS 11 THRU 13 Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____ 1. Which of the following is a benefit of good police-community relations? a. greater cooperation and harmony b. a decrease in the rate of crime c. more people interested in policing careers d. all of the above ____ 2. Which statement is T regarding how age impacts perceptions of the police? a. Young people have the most positive view of police. b. Older persons have the most positive view of police. c. The middle aged have the most positive view of police. d. There are no differences by age and perceptions of police. ____ 3. Individual-level attributes affect how people perceive the police. Which of the following is INCORRECT regarding how individuals perceive the police? a. Older persons tend to view the police more positively than do younger persons. b. Persons from a lower socioeconomic background are less likely to view the police positively. c. Individuals who have been victims of crime tend to view the police less positively than those who have not been victims. d. Gender has little impact on how people view the police. ____ 4. Which of the following is T regarding age and perceptions of the police? a. Younger persons are resistant to and less respectful of authority figures. b. Younger persons tend to have more negative contacts with the police. c. Older persons are more vulnerable to crime and victimization. d. all of the above ____ 5. There is a general consensus that whites tend to view the police more positively than minorities. Which of the following factors affect these attitudes? a. Minorities are victimized more than whites. b. Officers frequently treat minority citizens differently than white citizens. c. White offenders are more consistently apprehended as compared to minority offenders. d. both a and c ____ 6. Which of the following is INCORRECT regarding Hispanic perceptions and attitudes about police? a. They feel less safe concerning crime in comparison to the general population. b. They feel that they receive less than adequate protection from the police. c. They generally evaluate the police lower than the general population. d. They believe the police are capable of reducing the incidence of crime in their neighborhoods. ____ 7. Which of the following is a benefit to the police and the community when good relations exist? a. a decrease in the rate of crime and delinquency b. improved working relationships with citizens c. increased governmental support in terms of higher salariesd. all of the above ____ 8. According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics and Officer of Community-Oriented Policing Services survey, what percent of respondents were satisfied with the police? a. 100 percent c. 60 percent b. 80 percent d. 40 percent ____ 9. Police-community relations units that are externally oriented are typically designed to: a. educate the public. b. scare the public. c. force the public to cooperate with the department. d. recruit more officers. ____ 10. Which of the following statements is F? a. Homeland security increases the importance of private security firms. b. Potential terrorist targets include sporting events, shopping malls, government buildings, and nuclear facilities. c. Private police have less responsibility for primary targets than do public law enforcement. d. Mapping potential targets is a critical activity due to the threat of terrorism. ____ 11. Which of the following is a core idea of community policing? a. broad police function c. neighborhood variation b. citizen input d. all of the above ____ 12. Efforts to identify and manage the conditions within the social and physical environment that provide opportunities or precipitate crime represents what type of crime prevention program? a. primary c. tertiary b. secondary d. encompassing ____ 13. Which type of crime prevention focuses on persons and the community in an effort to identify potential criminals and high-crime areas? a. primary c. tertiary b. secondary d. encompassing ____ 14. Which type of crime prevention focuses on individuals who have committed criminal acts? a. primary c. tertiary b. secondary d. encompassing ____ 15. Which of the following best defines “defensible space?” a. The reduction of crime can be accomplished by maintaining the physical condition of a neighborhood. b. Increased police presence in a neighborhood can decrease crime. c. Physical changes made to inhibit or control the flow of people into or out of an area. d. Physical changes that increase the probability that residents will observe offenders. ____ 16. Newman developed the concept of crime prevention through: a. environmental design. c. high visibility. b. random patrol. d. rapid response. ____ 17. Environmental design activities to prevent crime fall into several categories. Which of the following is NOT one of those categories? a. access control c. support and motivation reinforcement b. surveillance d. masking____ 18. Which of the following is best described as “physical changes that increase the probability that offenders are observed by residents?” a. activity support c. surveillance b. motivation reinforcement d. access control ____ 19. Public education represents what type of crime prevention? a. primary c. tertiary b. secondary d. encompassing ____ 20. Which type of public education of law enforcement is most common? a. classes offered by the local police b. lectures by police officers at various functions c. media reporting of crime information d. personal contact with police ____ 21. The purpose of the “Taking a Bite Out of Crime” program was to: a. educate the public about criminal justice. b. generate feelings of responsibility. c. develop cooperation between the police and the public. d. all of the above ____ 22. What percentage of America’s 200 largest cities has juvenile curfews? a. 25 percent c. 51 percent b. 46 percent d. 73 percent ____ 23. According to the Michigan State University study, foot patrols can be instrumental in: a. fostering better relations with citizens c. reducing crime b. reducing the fear of crime among citizens d. all of the above ____ 24. The instances in which private security personnel are given full or limited police powers is referred to as: a. user-financed services. c. privatization. b. contracting for the provision of services. d. block-watch