Chapter 1 Discussion Questions 1. Why is it more difficult to police a democratic society than a dictatorship/autocratic form of government? 2. What is a social contract? 3. How does the U.S. Constitution affect police departments in rural and urban America? 4. There are a number of federal law enforcement agencies. Compare and contrast the jurisdictions and responsibilities of the different federal law enforcement agencies. 5. How are local, state, and federal police agencies different? Why are they different? 6. Discuss the environment of policing in American society. What social institutions affect the way police perform their roles and functions? 7. How did the creation of the Department of Homeland Security affect federal law enforcement? Multiple-Choice Questions 1. Which of the following is part of the environmental force that impacts policing? a. legal issues b. political issues c. economic issues d. all of the above 2. “Social contract” describes the relationship between which of the following? a. citizens and police b. government and citizens c. government and police d. the Constitution and citizens 3. Which of the following must be balanced under a democratic system of government? a. individual rights and needs of police officers b. rights of government and individual rights c. rights of individuals and the collective needs of members of society d. rights of state governments and collective needs of members of society 4. Which of the following is best defined as “collective practices by which a group attempts to ensure that individuals conform to the norms and values of the group?” a. social controls b. laws c. values d. norms 5. Which of the following is a “function” of the Constitution? a. defines and describes social arrangements between a government and its citizens b. distributes authority c. limits the use of power d. all of the above 6. Which of the following protects suspects from illegal searches and seizures? a. Fourth Amendment b. Fifth Amendment c. Sixth Amendment d. Eighth Amendment 7. How police officers obtain confessions and conduct lineups is addressed in which Constitutional Amendment? a. Fourth Amendment b. Fifth Amendment c. Sixth Amendment d. Eighth Amendment 8. Suspects are guaranteed a right to legal counsel in the __________ to the U.S. Constitution. a. Fourth Amendment b. Fifth Amendment c. Sixth Amendment d. Eighth Amendment 9. The police fall under which branch of government? a. executive b. judicial c. legislative d. military10. What is the form of political organization that distributes authority and power among levels of government? a. capitalism b. socialism c. authoritarianism d. federalism 11. Which of the following best defines “federalism?” a. It outlines the separation of power among the three branches of government. b. It outlines the separation of power among the federal and state governments. c. It provides a system of social control. d. It distributes authority and power among the three levels of government. 12. Which of the following is best defined as “a binding rule that regulates conduct and provides sanctions for violations of its provisions?” a. a contract b. a law c. a bill d. none of the above 13. Which of the following is best defined as “criminal statutes that define which behaviors are acceptable and unacceptable in our society?” a. substantive law b. procedural law c. civil law d. case law 14. Which of the following is best defined as “laws that prescribe how police officers apply substantive laws?” a. substantive law b. procedural law c. civil law d. case law 15. Which of the following is best defined as that which “regulates social interactions arising from private, commercial, or contractual relations? a. substantive law b. procedural law c. civil law d. case law 16. Which of the following is a characteristic of a system, as outlined by Strecher? a. goal seeking b. component parts c. synergistic d. all of the above 17. Which of the following is a model of policing that places high priority on moving cases through the system? a. due process model b. crime control model c. human rights model d. civil liberties model 18. Which of the following is a model of policing that places high priority on protecting citizens’ rights? a. due process model b. crime control model c. human rights model d. civil liberties model 19. Municipal law enforcement agencies have responsibility over all EXCEPT which of the following? a. law enforcement b. order maintenance c. convenience norms d. legislative advisement 20. Which of the following is best defined as “a basic or standardized social position that carries with it certain expectations?” a. function b. role c. service d. task 21. Which of the following is best defined as “tasks and activities associated with a role?”a. tasks b. service c. function d. duty 22. Wilson’s 1968 study of the New York City Police Department found that __________ of calls were related to law enforcement. a. 10 percent b. 30 percent c. 50 percent d. 80 percent 23. The “watchman” style of policing emphasizes: a. the provision of services. b. limited use of discretion. c. order maintenance and crime control. d. all of the above 24. The __________ style of policing implements the criminal justice process as frequently as possible and offenders, regardless of their circumstances or the severity of their offense, seldom escape sanction. a. watchman b. legalistic c. service d. community-oriented 25. The “service” style of policing would most likely be found in which type of community? a. an inner-city neighborhood b. a small rural community c. the suburbs d. none of the above 26. There are approximately __________ separate police agencies in the United States. a. 18,000 b. 25,000 c. 30,000 d. 57,000 27. Which of the following law enforcement agencies are in the U.S. Justice Department? a. ATF, DEA, IRS, Immigration & Naturalization b. FBI, DEA, ATF, Secret Service c. FBI, DEA, U.S. Marshals, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms d. ATF, IRS, Customs, Secret Service 28. When was the Justice Department