Page 1Page 2Page 3Page 4Page 5Page 6Page 7Page 8Page 9Page 10Page 11Page 12Soc 3344 Study Guide Test 2 Sp 05True/FalseIndicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false.____ 1. Some researchers believe that police departments could save millions of dollars annually through morejudicious selection procedures.____ 2. Police organizations should attempt to "screen out" rather than "screen in" personnel in their selectionprocesses.____ 3. "Screenint in" of applicants is a process through which applicants who are unqualified are identified throughvarious procedures and removed from consideration.____ 4. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act prohibits the use of statistical adjustments in employee tests to giveadvantage to minority candidates.____ 5. Title VII of the Civil Rights act was the first legislative action taken in this country to prohibit discriminationin employment.____ 6. Selection standards are rooted in departmental regulations.____ 7. Minorities are still underrepresented in American police organizations.____ 8. All jurisdictions mandate that the minimum age for a candidate is 21 years.____ 9. Vision standards are clearly rejected by Title VII.____ 10. The oral interview board is generally the last step in the selection process.____ 11. A large majority of police agencies in the United States require some college education for employment.____ 12. Assessment centers are being used in a majority of departments across the country.____ 13. Human values training is viewed as a means of ensuring that officers afford minorities and females greaterrespect and regard toward their problems when interacting with them.____ 14. In-service training refers to training that is designed to provide veteran officers with new skills or to updatethem regarding changes in the law and procedures.____ 15. Lateral expansion refers to job specialization within a department.____ 16. Women and minorities are just as likely as white males to retire from policing after a long career.____ 17. Organization refers to how a police department is structured.____ 18. Management refers to the processes that occur within an organization's structure.____ 19. Administrators are routinely involved in both organization and management decisions.____ 20. Middle managers in law enforcement organizations are usually responsible for establishing the mission of theorganization, devising programs by which to achieve goals, and obtaining resources.____ 21. Hierarchy in an organization equates to levels of authority and chain of command.____ 22. Hierarchy decreases as the number of employees increases.____ 23. "Appointment based on qualifications" was a management technique that resulted from the Hawthornestudies.____ 24. Classical organizational principles and theory emphasize the importance and welfare of the employee.____ 25. Participative management allows officers at lower levels of the organization to have input into departmentalmatters.____ 26. Vertical staff meetings were among the first efforts to establish participative management in policedepartments.____ 27. Problem-solving groups are organized to focus on a specific problem.____ 28. An "open system" rationally considers its environment when making a decision.____ 29. Management by objectives represents the application of systems theory from the top down within anorganization.____ 30. Contingency management represents a distinct management theory.____ 31. Culture refers to the values that reside within an organization.____ 32. The patrol function is considered to be the "backbone" of policing.____ 33. Allocating personnel refers to making decisions about how many officers should be assigned to various unitsin the department.____ 34. The Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment demonstrated the effectiveness of, and citizen satisfactionwith, differential response.____ 35. Police patrol has been demonstrated to be effective in preventing all types of criminal activity.____ 36. A rapid police response to citizen calls for service has been found to reduct crime and increase the rate ofcriminal apprehension.____ 37. The investigative function centers around solving crimes reported to or discovered by the police.____ 38. Research has demonstrated that criminal investigators are the most effective police personnel in apprehendingcriminal suspects.____ 39. Police detectives or investigators solve the majority of all crimes through follow-up investigations.____ 40. No police activity affects more people than the patrol function.____ 41. Seat belt enforcement is of paramount importance to law enforcement today.____ 42. Police Paramilitary Units (PPUs) often refer to themselves as "heavy weapon units."____ 43. Discretion is the foundation of the American system of criminal justice.____ 44. Administrative discretion refers to decisions concerning the allocation of police personnel and thedevelopment of plans and policies.____ 45. Police officers are the only workers in the criminal justice system who exercise discretion.____ 46. Discretion can have both positive and negative connotations____ 47. Discrimination is a reflection of one's values and attitudes that develop through the socialization process.____ 48. Enforcement discretion refers to the operational decisions of street enforcement officers.____ 49. Police officers are considered to be the gatekeepers of the criminal justice system.____ 50. Community expectations and standards influence police officer's interpretation and application of the law.____ 51. When an officer decides to arrest an individual, the most significant factor affecting his/her decision is theoffender's attitude.____ 52. Historically, police have viewed domestic violence as problematic and have been willing to become quicklyinvolved in these types of cases.____ 53. The enforcement of vice laws is problematic because t here is no societal consensus on the issues involved.____ 54. Vice statutes generally are enacted to regulate or control morality.____ 55. Pornography is a complex area of law enforcement primarily because of the varying levels of publicacceptance.____ 56. It is possible to totally eliminate police discretion.____ 57. Attempts at controlling police discretion have taken two forms, internal and external.____ 58. The greatest amount of police discretion is found in the duties of investigators.____ 59. Departmental policies provide guidance when officers are confronted with situations where they needassistance.____ 60. Force