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Policing in AmericaPrinciples of DemocracyPolice and the LawPolice Roles & FunctionsExpenditures by FunctionPolice Calls for Service WilsonPolice Activities Police Services StudyPolice Activities Minneapolis StudyPolice Activities Wilmington StudyEmployment by State and Local Law Enforcement Agencies in the United StatesFederal Law Enforcement Agencies1Policing in AmericaWhat do police do?2Principles of Democracy Constitutional Government Separation of Power Federalism Rule of Law Civil Rights Majority Rule Individualism Human Dignity Social Justice Constitutional Government Separation of Power Federalism Rule of Law Civil Rights Majority Rule Individualism Human Dignity Social Justice3Police and the Law•Legitimate Social Structure•Regulate Social Conduct•Regulate Freedom•Resolve Disputes•Substantive Law•Procedural Law•Common Law•Civil Law•Case LawPurposes of LawForms of Law4Police Roles & Functions•Investigate Crime•Make Arrests•Crime in Progress•Serve Warrants•Interrogate Suspects•Investigate People•Investigate Suspicious Situations•Break up Fights•Domestic Disturbances•Public DisordersLaw Enforcement Order MaintenanceMiscellaneous Service Convenience Norms•Stranded or Lost Motorists•Medical Services•Lost Children•Provide Information•Assist Lock-outs•Traffic Accidents•Issue Parking Tickets•Direct Traffic•Suggest Road Changes•Issue Traffic Citations5Expenditures by FunctionSource: BJS; Justice Expenditure and Employment Extracts. Note: Does not include intergovernmental expenditures such as Federal grants, but these dollars are included as direct expenditures by the recipient government when they are spent for slares, supplies, and so on.6Police Calls for ServiceWilson103022380510152025303540LawEnforcementOrderMaintenanceInformationGatheringServicePercentage7Police ActivitiesPolice Services Study382222180510152025303540Crime Disorder Traffic ServicePercent8Police ActivitiesMinneapolis Study3032191905101520253035Crime Conflict Traffic ServicePercent9Police ActivitiesWilmington Study5016211205101520253035404550Crime Order Traffic ServicePercent10Employment by State and Local Law Enforcement Agencies in the United States531,495263,42782,26161,0220100,000200,000300,000400,000500,000600,000LocalPoliceSheriffs StatePoliceSpecialPoliceEmployees11FederalLaw Enforcement Agencies•Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco & Firearms•Internal Revenue Service•U.S. Customs & Border Protection•U.S. Secret Service•Federal Bureau of Investigation•Drug Enforcement Administration•U.S. Marshal Service•Immigration & Naturalization ServiceTreasury Department Justice


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