Chapter 1 Introduction Themes in the Study of Life PowerPoint Lectures for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Copyright 2008 Pearson Education Inc publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Some properties of life Order Response to the environment Evolutionary adaptation Regulation Energy processing Reproduction Growth and development Fig 1 3 Themes connect the concepts of biology Table 1 1 Themes connect the concepts of biology Table 1 1 Levels of Biological Organization The biosphere Cells 10 m Organs and organ systems Cell Ecosystems Organelles Communities 1 m Tissues Atoms 50 m Molecules Populations Organisms Model of the flow of blood through the human heart From body From lungs Right atrium Left atrium Right ventricle Left ventricle To lungs To body Fig 1 28 Model of the Interaction Between Proteins in a Cell Outer membrane and cell surface Cytoplasm Nucleus Fig 1 12 Fig 1 5 Sunlight Ecosystem Cycling of chemical nutrients Producers plants and other photosynthetic organisms Heat Chemical energy Consumers such as animals Heat Structure and function a Wings b Bones Infoldings of membrane Mitochondrion 100 m c Neurons 0 5 m d Mitochondria Prokaryotic cell Eukaryotic cell Membrane DNA no nucleus Membrane Cytoplasm Organelles Nucleus contains DNA 1 m Fig 1 10 Nucleus DNA Nucleotide Cell a DNA double helix b Single strand of DNA Fig 1 13 Negative feedback A Enzyme 1 B Excess D blocks a step D D Enzyme 2 D C Enzyme 3 D a Negative feedback W Enzyme 4 Positive feedback Excess Z stimulates a step Z X Enzyme 5 Y Z Z Enzyme 6 Z b Positive feedback Fig 1 14 Species Genus Family Order Class Phylum Kingdom Domain Ursus americanus American black bear Ursus Ursidae Carnivora Mammalia Chordata Animalia Eukarya a DOMAIN BACTERIA The Three Domains of Life The three domain system is currently used and replaces the old five kingdom system b DOMAIN ARCHAEA Domain Bacteria and domain Archaea comprise the prokaryotes Domain Eukarya includes all eukaryotic organisms c DOMAIN EUKARYA Protists Kingdom Plantae Kingdom Fungi Kingdom Animalia Fig 1 15 Unity in the Diversity of Life A striking unity underlies the diversity of life for example DNA is the universal genetic language common to all organisms Unity is evident in many features of cell structure Copyright 2008 Pearson Education Inc publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Fig 1 16 15 m 5 m Cilia of Paramecium Cilia of windpipe cells 0 1 m Cross section of a cilium as viewed with an electron microscope Fig 1 22 Insect eaters Gray warbler finch Certhidea fusca Bud eater Seed eater Warbler finches COMMON ANCESTOR Green warbler finch Certhidea olivacea Sharp beaked ground finch Geospiza difficilis Vegetarian finch Platyspiza crassirostris Mangrove finch Cactospiza heliobates Insect eaters Tree finches Woodpecker finch Cactospiza pallida Medium tree finch Camarhynchus pauper Large tree finch Camarhynchus psittacula Seed eaters Ground finches Cactus flowereaters Small tree finch Camarhynchus parvulus Large cactus ground finch Geospiza conirostris Cactus ground finch Geospiza scandens Small ground finch Geospiza fuliginosa Medium ground finch Geospiza fortis Large ground finch Geospiza magnirostris Discovery Science Hypothesis Based Science Observations Question Hypothesis 1 Dead batteries Hypothesis 2 Burnt out bulb Prediction Replacing batteries will fix problem Prediction Replacing bulb will fix problem Test prediction Test prediction Test falsifies hypothesis Test does not falsify hypothesis You should now be able to 1 Briefly describe the unifying themes that characterize the biological sciences 2 Distinguish among the three domains of life and the eukaryotic kingdoms 3 Distinguish between the following pairs of terms discovery science and hypothesisbased science quantitative and qualitative data inductive and deductive reasoning science and technology Copyright 2008 Pearson Education Inc publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
View Full Document
Unlocking...