Chapter 1Slide 2Themes connect the concepts of biologySlide 4Slide 5Model of the flow of blood through the human heartModel of the Interaction Between Proteins in a CellSlide 8Slide 9Slide 10Slide 11Slide 12Slide 13The Three Domains of LifeUnity in the Diversity of LifeSlide 16Slide 17Discovery ScienceHypothesis-Based ScienceYou should now be able to:PowerPoint Lectures for Biology, Eighth EditionNeil Campbell and Jane ReeceCopyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin CummingsChapter 1Chapter 1Introduction: Themes in the Study of LifeOrderEvolutionary adaptationResponseto theenvironmentReproductionGrowth anddevelopmentEnergyprocessingRegulationFig. 1-3Some properties of lifeThemes connect the concepts of biologyTable 1.1Table 1.1Themes connect the concepts of biologyThe biosphereCommunitiesPopulationsOrganismsEcosystemsOrgans and organ systemsCellsCellOrganellesAtomsMoleculesTissues10 µm1 µm50 µmLevels of Biological OrganizationFig. 1-28FrombodyFromlungsRightatriumLeftatriumLeftventricleRightventricleTo lungsTo bodyModel of the flow of blood through the human heartFig. 1-12Outer membraneand cell surfaceCytoplasmNucleusModel of the Interaction Between Proteins in a CellFig. 1-5SunlightEcosystemHeatHeatCyclingofchemicalnutrientsProducers(plants and other photosyntheticorganisms)Chemical energyConsumers(such as animals)(a) Wings(c) Neurons(b) BonesInfoldings ofmembraneMitochondrion(d) Mitochondria0.5 µm100 µmStructure and function1 µmOrganellesNucleus (contains DNA)CytoplasmMembraneDNA(no nucleus)MembraneEukaryotic cellProkaryotic cellFig. 1-10NucleusDNACellNucleotide(a) DNA double helix (b) Single strand of DNAFig. 1-13NegativefeedbackExcess Dblocks a stepDDDABCEnzyme 1Enzyme 2Enzyme 3D(a) Negative feedbackWEnzyme 4XPositivefeedbackEnzyme 5Y+Enzyme 6Excess Zstimulates astepZZZZ(b) Positive feedbackFig. 1-14Species Genus Family Order Class Phylum Kingdom DomainUrsus americanus(American black bear)UrsusUrsidaeCarnivoraMammaliaChordataAnimaliaEukaryaFig. 1-15(a) DOMAIN BACTERIA(b) DOMAIN ARCHAEA(c) DOMAIN EUKARYAProtistsKingdom FungiKingdomPlantaeKingdom AnimaliaThe Three Domains of Life•The three-domain system is currently used, and replaces the old five-kingdom system •Domain Bacteria and domain Archaea comprise the prokaryotes•Domain Eukarya includes all eukaryotic organismsUnity in the Diversity of Life•A striking unity underlies the diversity of life; for example:–DNA is the universal genetic language common to all organisms–Unity is evident in many features of cell structureCopyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin CummingsFig. 1-16Cilia ofParameciumCross section of a cilium, as viewedwith an electron microscopeCilia ofwindpipecells15 µm5 µm0.1 µmFig. 1-22COMMONANCESTORWarbler finchesInsect-eatersSeed-eaterBud-eaterInsect-eatersTree finchesGreen warbler finch Certhidea olivaceaGray warbler finch Certhidea fuscaSharp-beakedground finch Geospiza difficilisVegetarian finch Platyspiza crassirostrisMangrove finch Cactospiza heliobatesWoodpecker finch Cactospiza pallidaMedium tree finch Camarhynchus pauperLarge tree finch Camarhynchus psittaculaSmall tree finch Camarhynchus parvulusLarge cactusground finchGeospiza conirostrisCactus ground finchGeospiza scandensSmall ground finchGeospiza fuliginosaMedium ground finchGeospiza fortisLarge ground finchGeospiza magnirostrisGround finchesSeed-eatersCactus-flower-eatersDiscovery ScienceObservationsQuestionHypothesis #1:Dead batteriesHypothesis #2:Burnt-out bulbPrediction:Replacing batterieswill fix problemPrediction:Replacing bulbwill fix problemTest prediction Test predictionTest falsifies hypothesisTest does not falsify hypothesisHypothesis-Based ScienceYou should now be able to:1. Briefly describe the unifying themes that characterize the biological sciences2. Distinguish among the three domains of life, and the eukaryotic kingdoms3. Distinguish between the following pairs of terms: discovery science and hypothesis-based science, quantitative and qualitative data, inductive and deductive reasoning, science and technologyCopyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin
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