Lab ReviewLab #1: The Discovery Process1. What type of microscope is used to view minute organisms such as these flagellates from a termite's gut? -compound microscope2. What type of scope is shown? Is it used for larger or smaller items? -dissecting or steromicroscope -Used for larger specimens3. Identify the iris diaphragm. What type of microscope is shown? -compound scope4. Identify objectives, stage,nosepiece, slide holder What type of microscope is shown? -compound microscope5. As magnification increases, the amount of light needed to view the specimen _______________ and the field of view becomes ___________. -increases; smaller6. In microscopy, as magnification increases, depth of field ____________. How do you adjust thefocal plane at high magnification? -decreases; with the fine focus ONLYLab #2: Properties of Water1. In this demonstration, what’s the solvent and what’s the solute?-water is the solvent, the solutes are the pigment particles in the ink2. What type of carbohydrates does testing with Lugol's solution detect? -starch, specifically, amylose3. The process by which cells lose water in a hypertonic solution is called _________ -plasmolysis4. Which has a higher concentration of H+ ions, an acidic solution or a basic one?-acidic5. What property of water allows these insects to walk on its surface? -high surface tension6. In a hypertonic solution, water is moving _______ the cells. -out of7. Are these plant or animal cells? Identify some of the structures. -plant; nucleus, chloroplasts, cell wall, vacuole8. Why is Elodea (Anacharis) a commonly placed in fresh water aquaria? -it releases oxygen as a product of photosynthesis which is essential to keep fish healthy).9. Name two ways the green dots support life on earth. -site of photosynthesis which produces O2 and sugar. O2 is essential for aerobic respiration. Sugar is basis of most food webs.10. What is the evolutionary history of chloroplasts in plant cells? -believed to be originally cyanobacterial endosymbiontsLab #3: Biomolecules 1. What does a positive test with each of these three reagents indicate? -Benedict's= reducing sugar -Lugol's= starch -Biuret= peptide bonds (proteins)2. What color is a negative test with Benedict's solution? What color is positive? -Negative is pale blue -positive depends on amount of sugar present; @ high concentrations and with heat, a positive3. What type of carbohydrates does testing with Lugol's solution detect? -starch, specifically, amylose4. In the presence of peptide bonds, Biuret reagent changes from ______ to _____ -light blue to purple5. Which of these tests shows the presence of an amino acid? -positive ninhydrin 6. What does this indicator test for, and whatcolor denotes a positive result? -amino acid, purple or yellow7. What type of molecule is this? -The H-C=O group is terminal, so this is an aldehyde8. Based upon this Lugol's test, is starch stored in onion cells? -no9. What sort of compound is shown? -ketone; the C=O is in the middle of the molecule10. What functional group is present in this molecule?-carboxyl OH-C=O11. What sort of chemical compound is this? -amine--the nitrogen is a giveaway12. In lab, the positive Sudan IV test indicates the presence of what type of biomolecule? -lipid13. Identify the functional groups - A-ketone, B-amine, C-aldehyde, D-carboxyl, E-hydroxlLab #4: Enzymes Identify: -sample compartment-wavelength selector-mode selection -screen where resultsappear2. Refer to the lab manual and identify the labeled structures.Lab #5: Cells 1. What does each of these reagents do in a Gram staining procedure? What other reagent is needed? -Crystal violet stains peptidoglycan; iodine fixes violet, alcohol decolorizes by removing outer layer2. In what order are these used? -violet, water, iodine, water, alcohol, water, safranin, water3. Identify this organism. How does it move? -Paramecium; cilia4. Describe how the form of these cells fit their function. -mobile sperm cells must swim to the egg, flagella propels the nuclear material forward5. Is this an animal or a plant cell? Howcan you tell? -Answer: animal (human); no cell wall6. Identify the large dark mass in the center of the cell. -nucleus7. What is the central empty feature in theleftmost cell? Is this a plant or animal cell?-vacuole, plant8. Identify plasma membrane, nucleus, Golgi apparatus, ribosome, mitochondrion, centrioles, flagellum.9. To what domain do these organisms belong? -Bacteria10. Which antibiotic appears to be most effective against the bacterial culture in this test plate? How can you tell? -C; it has the largest zone of inhibition11. What is the function of bacteria flagella? -locomotion12. What is the name for the spiral-shaped bacterium? -spirillum13. Describe the characteristic shape of these organisms? -bacillus or bacilli14. What is the morphological description for this bacteria? Is it Gram + or Gram -? -bacillus, Gram +15. Correctly describe the morphological shape of this bacteria. -coccus or cocci16. Why did these cells stain purple during Gram staining? -cell wall has complex layer of peptidoglycan17. How do you know that this organism is a eukaryote? -it has a large nucleus18. To what Domain does this organism belong? -Bacteria19. What is the difference between these cells and human red blood cells? -human red blood cells lack nuclei20. What are the thread-like extensions of this cell, and what are they used for? -Flagella, locomotion21. Identify the domain and next lowest taxon of these organisms. -Domain Bacteria, Cyanobacteria22. Identify the darkly stained organelle in these cells. What color is the cytoplasm? -nucleus and pink23. Why isn't this a Eukaryotic organism? -The cells lack nuclei or membrane organelles24. Name three environmental functions ofthese organisms. -produce oxygen, absorb excess carbon dioxide, primary producers for marine ecosystemsLab #6: Cellular Metabolism1. Flask: water, sugar, yeast. Cylinder: bromothymol blue. Explain color. -yeast respiring. CO2 given off turns cylinder acid,indicator goes to yellow)2. When do you release the plunger for the last time? -AFTER the pipette tip has been lifted out of the container you dispensed into; otherwise you may aspirate someof the container contents3. What are these, and what do they do?-Pi-pumps or pipette pumps; used to draw up liquid in glass pipettes and dispense it)4. Identify plunger, tip discard button,
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