MCB 181 1st Edition Lecture 12Outline of Previous Lecture I. The CellII. The NucleusIII. The Endomembrane SystemIV. Clicker QuestionsOutline of Current Lecture I. PeroxisomesII. LysosomesIII. VacuolesIV. MitochondrionV. ChloroplastsVI. Cell WallVII. The CytoskeletonVIII. Clicker QuestionsCurrent LectureI. Peroxisomes – centers for reduction-oxidation reactions a. Defined by a single membrane b. Originate as buds from the ERII. Lysosomes – each enzyme specializes in breaking up a specific type of macromolecule (proteins, nucleic acids) into their monomersa. The monomers then are recycledb. Collectively these enzymes are called hydrolasesc. Their optimum pH is 5.0 (these enzymes are not active in the cytoplasm)III. Vacuoles – serves as a storage center for plant cellsa. Although some vacuoles contain enzymes that are specialized for digestion, most of the vacuoles observed in plant and fungal cells act as storage depotsIV. Mitochondrion – most of the enzymes and molecular machines responsible for synthesizing ATP are embedded in the membranes of the cristae or suspended in the matrixa. Simply put it is the place where cellular respiration takes place. Changes the energyfrom the sugar into ATP molecules.V. Chloroplast – organelle that converts the sunlight into chemical energy via photosynthesisVI. Cell Wall – in addition to the plasma membrane in fungi, algae, and plant cells, there also exists an outer cell wall that provides shape and support for the cella. Composition varies from one organism to anotherVII. Cytoskeleton – a network of fibers that organizes the structure and function of the cella. Extends throughout the cytoplasm and organizes the cell’s structures and activities by anchoring many organelles b. Comprised of:i. Microtubulesii. Microfilamentsiii. Intermediate FilamentsVIII. Clicker QuestionsAssertion ReasonEnzymes that work in the cytoplasm are synthesized by free ribosomes.BecauseHydrophobic proteins are made in the cytoplasm.Assertion is true; Reason is
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