MCB 181 1st Edition Lecture 11Outline of Previous Lecture I. Membrane ProteinsII. Clicker QuestionsOutline of Current Lecture I. The CellII. The NucleusIII. The Endomembrane SystemIV. Clicker QuestionsCurrent LectureI. The CellII. Nucleus – contains the chromosomes and functions as an administrative center for information storage and processinga. An inner and outer membrane comprises the nuclear envelopeIII. Endomembrane System – primary center for protein and lipid synthesis in eukaryotic cells / consists of the rough ER, the smooth ER, the Golgi apparatusa. Smooth ER – contains enzymes that catalyze reactions involving lipids and dependingon the type of cell, these enzymes may synthesize lipids needed by the organism or break down lipids and other molecules that are poisonousb. Rough ER – the ribosomes associated with the rough ER synthesize proteins that will be inserted into the plasma membrane, secreted to the cell exterior, or shipped to anorganellec. Golgi Apparatus – a collection of flattened vesicles called cisternae which serves as the site of protein processing, sorting, and shippingIV. Clicker QuestionsDialysis is performed to remove metabolic waste products when the kidneys fail. In this procedure, the blood of the person is circulated through a machine that passes it close to a dialysis fluid (Dialysate). The patient’s blood and the fluid are separated by a thin synthetic membrane, which only allows small molecules and water to cross, but prevents red blood cells from entering into the dialysis solution. The dialysis will be finished once the concentration of water is the same in the fluid and the bloodstream.Assertion ReasonAt the moment in which the dialysis stops the dialysis solution is isotonic in comparison with the bloodstream.BecauseThe movement of water molecules occurs as long as there is a relative difference inthe tonicity of two solutions separated by a selective membrane.Assertion is true; Reason is true; reason is the correct explanation.Assertion ReasonDuring dialysis, the waste molecules cross the membranes by osmosis.BecauseThe movement of solute takesplace through a selective membrane.Assertion is false; Reason is true.Assertion ReasonThe bloodstream of an untreated patient who needs dialysis will be hypertonic in comparison to the concentration in his/her cell.BecauseThe cells of an untreated patient who need dialysis will burst.Assertion is true; Reason is false.Assertion ReasonAll eukaryotic cells contain organelles that allow these cells to be larger than prokaryotic cells.BecauseOrganelles increase the efficiency of the enzymatic reactions because enzymes that work on the same process (pathway) can be embedded in the membrane of these organelles. In addition, organelles allow incompatible enzymes to “co-exist” in the same compartment.Assertion is true; Reason is