Friday, November 14 and Monday, November 17Conventional Rhetorical Goals for Introduction Sections of Position PapersRhetorical Goal 1: Identify the issue that motivates your position paper, helping readers understand why the issue is currently unresolvedRhetorical Goal 2: Convince readers that your issue is important and worth resolvingRhetorical Goal 3: Explain your conceptual approach to resolving your issue, convincing readers that the approach is novel and unique.Rhetorical Goal 4: State your claim and present a comprehensive and detailed overview of how you'll support it in the body of your position paper.Conventional Rhetorical Goals for the Body of Position PapersRhetorical Goal: Present data-driven lines of support, to convince readers to accept your claim.Example Peer ReviewRhetorical Goal: Present concept-driven lines of support, to convince readers to accept your claimRhetorical Goal: Argue for the methodological strengths of studies that support your claim, to convince readers that the data derived from the studies are valid. Flip side: Argue for the methodological weaknesses of studies that do not support your claim, to convince readers that the data derived from the studies are problematic.Rhetorical Goal: Acknowledge limitations to your argument and respond to them so that readers don't dismiss your claimRhetorical Goal: Acknowledge and refute counterarguments, to convince readers that you're considering all sides of your issue and that your argument is stronger than alternativesFriday, November 14 and Monday, November 17Evaluating Scientific Argument: Peer ReviewIPHY 3700 Writing Process MapConventional Rhetorical Goals for Introduction Sections of Position Papers1. Identify the issue that motivates your position paper, helping readers understand why the issue is currently unresolved. 2. Convince readers that your issue is important and worth resolving.3. Explain your conceptual approach to resolving your issue, convincing readers that the approach is novel and unique.4. State your claim and present a comprehensive and detailed overview of how you'll support it in the body of your position paper.Rhetorical Goal 1: Identify the issue that motivates your position paper, helping readers understand why the issue is currently unresolved1. Directly present the research issue—that is, the real-world problem(s) and/or research question(s) that motivated your position paper (top of the mountain!). 2. If your issue was motivated by problems in society, explain them and present evidence for their existence and their negative implications. 3. If your issue has not been definitively resolved due to conflicting results in previous studies, summarize the key methods and outcomes of the contrasting research.4. If your issue was motivated by contrasting concepts and/or theories, present the conceptual and/or theoretical debates. 5. If your issue was motivated by a knowledge gap in the scientific field, present what is known and what is unknown. 6. Explain why your issue has not been resolved sufficiently through previous research. 7. Present the qualifiers for your issue to define its scope. 8. Present the essential background information to help readers understand your issue. Position Paper DraftRhetorical Goal 2: Convince readers that your issue is important and worth resolving1. Focus readers on the importance of the core issue. 2. Relate the importance of the issue to your specific audience, considering their interests and scientific knowledge.3. If you're dealing with a real-world issue, discuss its importance to society. Who is affected? How are they affected? 4. If you're dealing with a basic research issue, discuss its importance to the scientific field: How do problems that define your issue currently limit the advancement of science? 5. If your argument issue involves diseases or disorders that affect large populations, present statistics that demonstrate incidences and costs; then speculate on how potential outcomes of your study will improve the negative conditions. 6. Discuss the implications of failing to resolve your argument issue.Position Paper DraftRhetorical Goal 3: Explain your conceptual approach to resolving your issue, convincing readers that the approach is novel and unique.1. Describe previous experimental and conceptual approaches to resolving your issue, pointing out their shortcomings and explaining how they have limited scientists from resolving the issue.2. Present an overview of your novel and unique approach to resolving the issue.* Hint: Don’t use this goal to try to convince readers to accept your claim; instead, use it to convince readers that you have a sound conceptual approach to resolving your issue, which you’ll follow through on in the body of the paper. Position Paper DraftRhetorical Goal 4: State your claim and present a comprehensive and detailed overview of how you'll support it in the body of your position paper.1. State your claim directly 2. Present qualifiers, or delimiters, for your claim: to whom your claim applies, under what conditions your claim applies, and under what conditions your claim does not apply.3. Provide a fairly comprehensive and detailed overview of your lines of support, the limitations you'll address and how you'll respond to them, and the counterarguments you'll address and how you'll refute them.Position Paper DraftConventional Rhetorical Goals for the Body of Position Papers1. Present data-driven lines of support, to convince readers to accept your claim.2. Present concept-driven lines of support, to convince readers to accept your claim.3. Present the necessary warrants, to show readers how your claim and lines of support are connected.4. Argue for the methodological strengths of studies that support your claim, to convince readers that the data derived from the studies are valid. 5. Acknowledge limitations to your argument and respond to them so that readers don't dismiss your claim.6. Acknowledge and refute counterarguments, to convince readers that you're considering all sides of your issue and that your argument is stronger than alternatives.Rhetorical Goal: Present data-driven lines of support, to convince readers to accept your claim.1. If you’re presenting numerous studies that support your claim, synthesize them. 2. Present the specific research questions that motivated your supporting studies, and show readers how the research questions are relevant to your issue.3. Present the most