TELT207 1st Edition Lecture 4 Outline of Last Lecture I. Children in the MediaII. StereotypesIII. The Reflection Hypothesis and Symbolic AnnihilationIV. The Scientific PerspectiveV. The Scientific ProcessVI. Generating KnowledgeOutline of Current Lecture VII. Gender SocializationVIII. Developmental Skills Take Precedence So Socialization Takes HoldIX. Children’s Media HabitsX. Gender Differences in ExposureCurrent Lecture- Gender Socialization- the process by which children learn the norms and expectations for males and females in their cultureso Learned via gendered institutions Examples: family, workplace, home, the media, etc.- Developmental skills take precedence so socialization takes holdo Several skills are required for learning about gender roles Gender Identity(about age 2)- Can identify their gender by external appearances Gender Stability(about age 3)- “I’m a little boy and when I grow up I’ll be a daddy not a mommy.”- Still not clear about gendered identities Gender Constancy(about age 5)- Biological sex is constant and can’t changeo Schemas: a mental structure that represents some aspect of the world Example: what is my schema for a chair? We have gender schemas that develop right around when gender constancy occurs Develop from gendered institutionsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Most schemas come from the media These are really important to a child’s self-concept- Self-esteem is aligned with gender schemas- Children’s Media Habitso Media use Children are immersed in media Average US child spends 7.5 hours with the media Even infants spend almost 2 hours a day with the media- The entire industry of baby education items aren’t proven to be beneficial or teach infants anythingo Media Selection Similar up until the age of 6 then patterns of use vary dramatically after that- Gender Differences in Exposureo Television There is no difference but there is still a difference- Example: favorite characterso There are reasons for boys and girls differences in who their favorite characters are These variations could be because of crushes, heroes, negative comments, etc.o Movies Girls are watching more chick flicks Boys are seeking the action movies These preferences could either be a true liking or it could be based on what they are supposed to like as a boy or girlo Music Girls tend to listen to more music than boys- This is usually because the music expresses emotionso New Media Guys usually spend more time with new media, such as video games- This is primarily because video games are not typically advertised or geared toward women and