Tel-T 192 Lecture 17Outline of Last Lecture I. Movie DayOutline of Current Lecture II. She Throws Like a GirlCurrent Lecture- She Throws Like a Girlo Title IX Prohibits universities from discriminating on the basis of sex 1972 Wasn’t really about sports at all- Came into the athletics world in the 1990s- Athletics departments offered more things and money to men and men’s sports- In order to comply with this, schools frequently had to cut back on men’s sports fundingo Media and the female athlete Bias in coverage- Print and tv- Men get more coverage; women only 3% of total coverage Female athletes are frequently shown off the court More female journalists and reporters than ever before- Journalists are generally unaware of bias in the coverage Female athletes are symbolically annihilated because they are shown as nothing in comparison to their male counterparts Production- Angles of photos differ between gender- Women are often characterized as emotional- Use more slow motion for womeno Baywatch effecto The way it is produced makes it seem slower than it actually is Commentary Influence(Messner 1993)- Gender marking-consistently reminding viewer you are watching the women’s version of something- Hierarchy of namingo Consistently refer to women athletes as girlsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.o Women athletes frequently referred to by first name while males are referred to by their full name or their last name- Messner’s Content Analysiso Nice guys finish last Aggression and injury are praisedo White dominated commentatorso Athletes give up their bodies for sports Play with injuries or concussions and are praised for it Bias gets embedded- The role of the female sports announcer enhances this idea Stereotyping- “naturally” less excitingo Less camera angles, special effects, etco Less advertising revenue- If you are an athlete, you must be a lesbiano Hyper-sexualized portrayals often show people you aren’t gayo Men are expected to be heterosexual Effects- Smaller audiences- Learned attitudes about women’s sports equals less enthusiasm- Impact of these biases on young girls and boyso Can actually impact motor performance Studies by Harrison and Fredrickson- Softball throwing and then either saw a hyper-sexualized portrayal or an athletic portrayal- Girls who saw the sexualized portrayal did worse throwing than the first time- This is an example of social learningo Influences young boys’ attitudes about female