HIST 1312 1st Edition Exam 2 Study Guide Lectures 10 13 Lecture 10 October 9 What was the New Deal and what change did it bring about The New Deal was created by Franklin D Roosevelt when he became president It brought about new agencies and new programs to work to fix things in the economy Important changes are as follows The banks were shut down in a Bank Holiday and during this time the Emergency Banking Act was passed to try to fix the banking crisis This was done by aiding the banks that appeared to able fixable and shutting those down that could not be saved The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation FDIC was created through the Banking Act of 1933 to insure the people s bank accounts The Federal Reserve Act created the Securities and Exchange Commission which regulated stock market activities and stopped insider trading and important note here is that Joseph P Kennedy lead this initiated ironic since he was very much into insider trading in the stock market Social Security Act established where the government would begin to give you money once you reached 65 The twenty first amendment appealed Prohibition What does the AAA stand for and what did they do AAA stands for Agricultural Adjustment Act contained the Domestic Allotment Plan which paid farmers not to plant because there was an issue in overproduction and the Commodity Credit Organization paid the farmers for the crops they did grow Butler versus the United States declared the AAA unconstitutional but congress created a new AAA to replace the old one What were some labor reforms put forth by the New Deal The Civilian Conservation Corps CCC They established army style camp houses for young men ages 18 25 They were put to work manual labor to keep them off the streets and earning money to send back to their families The Civil Works Administration CWA and Public Works Administration PWA Provided nearly 4 million jobs and put people into jobs immediately What kind of politician was FDR and what advice did he take FDR considered himself like a quarterback always making new plays and learning from the bad ones He wasn t an exceptionally great politician but he was open to new ideas He took advice from John Maynard Canes who told him that a good way to get the economy back up was to get the government to spend more money What were two important things in popular culture at the time The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck The Wizard of Oz A large allegory about the banking industry and the economy at the time What issues did FDR have with the Supreme Court and how did he try to solve them The Supreme Court kept shutting down FDR s New Deal programs by declaring them unconstitutional FDR decided to remedy this he would Court Pack where he placed more judges into the Supreme Court who were on his side This does not work because congress stops him but the action scares the Supreme Court justices and they begin allowing more of his programs to pass through the court Lecture 11 October 14 What was FDR s foreign policy Isolationism and neutrality acts Isolationism is where the country only worries about themselves and is neutral through any wars that occur Due to this they did not enter into World War II when many European countries did How did World War II begin World War II began with the invasion of Poland by Germany September 1939 What were FDR s 4 freedoms Roosevelt s four freedom s are the freedoms of want speech and religion and the freedom from fear In this speech he spoke of freedom being important to nations and spoke to the world in general since the majority of it was under communist rule Who were the British Prime Ministers and what were their foreign policies Stanley Baldwin Policy of appeasement towards Hitler Neville Chamberlin Policy of appeasement also towards Hitler He gave Hitler Czechoslovakia for an agreement of peace at the Munich Conference This doesn t work and Chamberlin declares war against Germany in 1939 Winston Churchill Replaced Chamberlin in 1940 Would have no negotiations with Hitler How did the US get involved in WWII and who planned the attack The US got involved through the attack on Pearl Harbor and General Yamamoto planned it Who was considered victorious in the Pearl Harbor attack and why Pearl Harbor was a sneak attack and many were killed so in that sense the Japanese won On the other hand though the aircrafts that the Japanese were after were not at Pearl Harbor at the time So rather than hurting the Americans like they wanted the Japanese just gave the US a reason to enter the war which was more like a strategic victory for the Americans What were important domestic happenings in the US during WWII Women began entering the workforce to replace the men leaving Because of this daycares began to be used on a more regular basis Also taxes raised a dramatic amount to fund the war Japanese American s civil rights were being taken away when they were put in internment concentration camps in the US Who were some important generals in the war and what were they known for Douglas MacArthur Was forced to leave his troops behind in the Philippines when the Japanese attacked The troops left behind were led on the Baton Death March where they were starved and soldiers were killed on a regular basis MacArthur eventually returns and rescues them by using a technique called Island Hopping He hit Japan at the islands where they would be least protected and cut off the Japanese from their supplies Admiral Chester Nimitz In charge of the navy in the Pacific He s associated with the battle at Midway where he destroyed four Japanese carriers People took this as revenge for Pearl Harbor Name two important battles of WWII D Day Invasion of Europe at Omaha beach Battle of the Bulge Germany s counter offensive The Nazi s took prisoners but executed them This encouraged the American s still fighting to fight till the death since they knew they would die if they surrendered This is a turning point in WWII Who attended the Yalta Conference and what was discussed The Big Three attended the Yalta conference Churchill Stalin and Roosevelt They discussed what would happen to Europe after the war ended They agreed that Poland would be able to have free elections but Stalin took this that it would be free elections even if all of the candidates were communists Obviously Churchill and Roosevelt thought differently What were some important deaths during this time Mussolini He got captured with his mistress and killed After