HIST 1312 1st Edition Lecture 7 Outline of Last Lecture I. International Relations and Expansiona. The Security Physical Isolation Afforded the United States b. The Relative Infancy of the United Statesc. Factors Prompting International Expansion in the 1890sII. A Splendid Little Wara. Results of the Spanish-American WarIII. Theodore Roosevelta. Life of Rooseveltb. Roosevelt’s Foreign Policyc. Roosevelt’s Domestic Policyd. Later ElectionsIV. Teller and Platt AmendmentsOutline of Current Lecture I. Woodrow WilsonII. World War Ia. Mobilizationb. Over Herec. Bureaucrats, Labor and the Ward. Minority MigrationThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.III. The Treaty of Versaillesa. Wilson and the Peace Conferenceb. Wilson at Versaillesc. The Senate and the Treatyd. Legacies of the WarIV. Trauma in the Wake of the WarCurrent Lecture: The Home Front, WWI, Versailles, and the 14 Point PlanI. Woodrow Wilson- Born 1856 in Virginia and raised in Georgia right before and during the Civil Waro In 1865 he saw Jefferson David in chains as a prisoner captured by the Union- Couldn’t read until he was 10 and teachers thought he was slowo Ends up he was dyslexic but eventually overcame it by doing shorthand during classes and rewriting it later on a typewriter - Went to Princeton where he got hostility because he was from the south - Went to the University of Virginia for law but dropped out after a year and a half out of boredomo Took the bar in Georgia and passed even though he didn’t finish his classes o Got married about this time- Began working in law but he still didn’t like his profession so he decided to become a professor in history (took PHD classes at John Hopkins) o Taught at an all women’s college but didn’t like that either. o Switched to Princeton to teach (all boys school at the time) where he became a very popularprofessor- One day he woke up with a bloodshot eye and he couldn’t see out of it. o Ophthalmologist said that his eye would return back to normal but that extremely high blood pressure was what caused the blood vessel to burst o Cardiologist said he needed to retire and relax and don’t do anything stressful. Wilson took ayear off to go to England with his wife as a sabbatical. o When he returned his blood pressure was down so he went back to Princeton to teach. - Got chance to run for governor of New Jersey and won, then chosen as candidate for president and he won in 1912. o Wilson’s daughter said that the presidency would kill both her parents (which is what happened). - 1913 Bank reform offered by Wilson (the Federal Reserve act) creating the Federal Reserve Boardo Wilson created it to stop the constant 30 year recession that seemed to be always occurring.o He thought controlling the money supply and interest rates would control the economy but the recessions still happened.o The problem was thinking that the government could control the interest rates – it should bethe banks controlling it - Mrs. Wilson died Aug. of 1914 putting Wilson into a depressiono Began dating Edith Gulf a few months after his wife’s death – the press following him during his courting- 1914 war started in Europe o A good book about WW I is The Guns of August by Barbara Tuchman - 1916 Wilson ran for reelection claiming to keep the peace by not going to war (Peace plank)o Won the war by winning by California - 1917 Wilson received the Zimmerman Letter – from German foreign minister suggesting to Mexico that they should start a war with America trying to get their land back and to keep America occupiedso they wouldn’t enter the war o Letter intercepted by the British who gave it to Americao Became Wilson’s cause for entering the warII. World War Ia. Mobilization- In May of 1917 the U.S. passed the Selective Service Act and inducted 2.8 million men. o The U.S. lost 48,909 soldiers that were killed with losses to disease o The dead totaled more than the 230,000 wounded. o A good movie about WW I is All Quiet on the Western Front - The U.S. sent expeditionary forces to fight in the trenches (in France) that were infested by mud, rats(eat dead bodies, bite you in your sleep, crawl on you, infested with diseases), fleas, lice, where cold and rapid fire machine gun batteries kept men pinned down for days. o New weapons such as poison gas (chlorine gas, mustard gas), machineguns, grenades, airplanes, and modified artillery shook the earth and many soldiers experienced shell shock.- 5 million Germans dead by the end of the war and 2 or 3 million British and French dead (each)b. Over Here: The domestic problems Brought on by the War- Committee on Public Information (CPI)o Led by George Creel who was an outspoken progressive journalisto Included patriotic recruiting techniques via newspaper, film, posters, and provided a system of voluntary censorship with the press.- Anti-German sentiment in the U.S. o “liberty cabbage” quit listening to Bach, Beethoven, and Brahms (all German) o People stopped speaking German and stopped naming children German nameso Vigilantism among German-American spread at an alarming rate- Espionage Act of 1917o Authorized sentences of up to 20 years for aiding the enemy, obstructing recruitment, or encouraging disloyaltyo Allowed the censoring of U.S. mail. - Sedition Act 1918o Imposed harsh penalties to anyone who was disloyal, profane, scurrilous or abusive language against the U.S. government.o The harassment and eventual Arrest of Socialist party leaders Eugene V. Debs gave a speech and was indicted and jailed on the Espionage Act. c. Bureaucrats, Labor, and the war- Bureaucrats:o The War Industries Board prioritized, price fixed and oversaw and allocated raw materials to satisfy wartime production and was led by Bernard M. Baruch.o Future President Herbert Hoover headed a Food Administration that encouraged folks to cut down on their eating and plant more gardens “victory gardens” at home, it also rationed and distributed foodstuffs. Herbert Hoover- known as international hero for organizing food relief for the Europeanso The government also regulated items such as fuel, railroads, shipping, foreign trade, and telephones.- Labor:o The war mobilized labor unions that created a partnership with the government. o Samuel Gompers eventually served on Wilson’s Council of