HIST 1312 1st Edition Lecture 12Outline of Last Lecture I. A New President, A New Deala. A Bank Holidayb. Seeking Agricultural Recoveryc. Seeking Industrial Recoveryd. Remembering the “Forgotten Man”II. The Second Hundred Daysa. Populist Voicesb. A Shift in FocusIII. The New Deal and Societya. Urban Americab. Popular Culturec. Minorities and WomenIV. The New Deal Winds Downa. Roosevelt and the Supreme Courtb. Resurgence of LaborOutline of Current Lecture I. Roosevelt and Foreign Policya. The Good Neighbor PolicyThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.b. Roosevelt and IsolationismII. The Road to Wara. Roosevelt and American Neutralityb. The Battle for the Atlanticc. Facing Japand. Pearl HarborIII. America Responds to Wara. Japanese American Internmentb. A People at Work and WarIV. Waging World Wara. Halting the Japanese Advanceb. The Tide Turns in Europec. In the Perspective of the SoldiersV. Ending the Wara. Stresses Within the Grand Allianceb. Hitler’s Defeatc. Entering the Nuclear AgeCurrent Lecture: America’s Rise to World Leadership, 1933-1945I. Roosevelt and Foreign Policy a. The Good Neighbor Policy - In Latin America, Roosevelt built on the improving relations already begun by Hoover by stressing his support of international rather than unilateral actions. o FDR promised that the United States would be the "good neighbor" and would respect Latin American views and interests and not interfere in Latin American affairs.  Reversal of Teddy Roosevelto His views were soon tested in Cuba when the nation erupted into civil war, but the situation calmed when General Fulgencio Batista became the nation’s leader and remained in power until 1958. o The United States recognized the new government and signed a favorable trade agreement. - Roosevelt’s commitment to nonintervention was tested in 1938 when Mexico’s president Cárdenas nationalized foreign-owned oil properties and U.S. oil companies quickly demanded that their property and profits be protected. o Eventually, the United States recognized Mexico’s right to control its ownoil, and in 1941 the two nations agreed on monetary compensation. o By the end of his first administration, Roosevelt had vastly improved the United States’ image and position of leadership throughout Latin America.b. Roosevelt and Isolationism - Tensions were increasing, however, in Europe and Asia. o In Germany, Hitler had ruthlessly instituted a dictatorship by 1935, and the Japanese had conquered Manchuria and were speaking of establishing the "Greater East Asian Co-prosperity Sphere." o Although the United States granted recognition of the Soviet Union in November 1933, the Soviets had too little credit to buy American goods,and the United States was unwilling to provide it; the nations still distrusted one another. - By 1934, isolationists were in full cry, even repudiating the United States entry into World War I, especially after the Nye Committee concluded that profits and British propaganda had caused America’s entry into the first conflict. o The Nye Committee – Big businessmen who thought they could make large profits from the US going to war in Europe for WWI. This was the reason, they said, for the US going to WWI. They said that wars are fought for war profiteering. o Isolationism – Only worry about your country, no one else; country is neutral- By 1935, tensions in Asia and Europe combined with American isolationism to generate neutrality laws that many hoped would prevent American involvement in future foreign wars. o The Neutrality Act of 1935 prohibited the sale of arms and munitions to any nation at war. o The 1937 Neutrality Act established "cash-and-carry": it required warring nations to pay cash for all "nonwar" goods and to carry them ontheir own ships. II. The Road to War a. Roosevelt and American Neutrality - As Europe rushed into war, in the United States there was little desire to come tothe aid of Poland, Britain, or France, and public isolationism remained strong.o Roosevelt had a different view because he was determined to do everything possible, short of war, to help those nations opposing Hitler. o When Germany invaded Poland, FDR proclaimed the nation neutral but emphasized that he could not ask Americans to be neutral in their thoughts. - The Third Neutrality Act of 1939 allowed any nation to buy weapons from the United States, but Roosevelt knew that the British navy would deny the Germans access. o As Roosevelt shaped American neutrality, Hitler mopped up Polish resistance, and quietly readied his army for an attack on the west in the spring.  Soviet-Nazi pact – Decided to split Poland if Germany invaded it;the beginning of WWIIo Not so secretly, the Soviets continued their expansion by incorporating the Baltic Republics (Latvia, Lithuania, Bostonia). o Germany and Italy, called the Axis powers, controlled almost all of western and central Europe, leaving Britain to face the seemingly invincible German army and air force alone.  May 10, 1940 – Germans took Poland rather quickly using Blitzkrieg Russians (Soviets) attacked Finland when it was extremely cold so it took a long time but Finland eventually fell; called the “Phony War” because the Germans were preparing to hit the French during that time Germans were successful against the French and British (even though they had a smaller army) because of their tactics and theBritish and the French weren’t communicating well along with drinking. Because of this the Germans split up the British and the French armies to fight them separatelyo Britain’s new Prime Minister, Winston Churchill, however, was already turning to Roosevelt for aid; Roosevelt responded favorably to his requests. Stanley Baldwin (1920s prime minister) – Method of appeasement (towards the Nazis); Neville Chamberlin (PM after Baldwin) – Method of appeasement also. The Munich Conference negotiated the status of Czechoslovakia striking a deal that the British would support Germany taking Czechoslovakia if they promised to make no more territorial demands. Hitler obviously didn’t keep his promise. Churchill says the Munich Conference was a fake defeat and really Hitler would go for more land. Once Hitler did, Chamberlinwas forced to resign. Churchill then took over.o The election results in 1940 demonstrated