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UT Arlington HIST 1312 - Associations and Reconstruction of the Civil War

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HIST 1302 1st Edition Lecture 1 Outline of Last Lecture I. Review of syllabus and class rulesOutline of Current Lecture I. Associations to the Civil WarA. MedicineB. SpiesC. Soldier LifeD. New TechnologyE. Death and Devastation II. ReconstructionCurrent LectureAssociations to the Civil War- Medicineo A greater understanding of germs and infections during the Civil War; people never had to deal with things that drastic beforeo Clara Barton- In charge of nurses, founded Red Cross - Reason for today’s 12 hours on shift and 12 hours of- Nurses cared for patients and were involved in surgeries and amputationso Doctors- Surgeons didn’t sleep for days- Young doctors were forced to stay up for multiple days at a time to prove they could handle ito All surgeries and medical practices were done on wooden tables; no anesthesia- For amputations the limbs were literally hacked of from the bodyo Medical and nursing schools become established after the war- Medical school for men and nursing school for women- Spieso Lots of women go to the North from the South to spy- One of Jeferson Davis’s slaves was a spyo Allen Pinkerton developed counter intelligence and disinformation in favor of the north- Counter intelligence- Sending spies to spy on other spies- Disinformation- Purposefully giving the other side wrong informationo Air surveillance done with hot air balloons- Soldier Lifeo Pastimes in camp-life:These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Card playing - Kept wild creatures as pets (raccoons, squirrels, ect.)o Underage boys could enter the navyo Women dressed up as men to became soldiers- New Technology = greater destructiono Mussel loaded gunso Mini balls- More accurateo Gatling gun - Allowed soldiers to shoot multiple rounds (60 rounds per minute)o Grenadeso Iron clad ships- Monitor versus Merrimack- Float really low in water because of the weight of the iron, so they sink easily in stormso Flush toilets - Developed for ships in the navy by Thomas Crapper- Developed in 1860s and gets to the white house in 1880s (outhouse used beforethis) along with indoor plumbing- In 1940s and 1950s rural areas began getting flush toilets- Death and Devastationo 600,000 casualties in Civil War- More than any other war fought including the World Warso Prisoners of War (POW)- Trades had been happening for POW until 1863 when the North decided they didn’t want to trade anymore- Only one military personnel was hung for war crimes: Captain Henry Wirz (Southern general). Under his control 1/3 of the POWs from the north died in Andersonville, Georgia.- POWs weren’t being fed and were only given water from a stream where they also bathed and use the restroom; clothing not replaced- Treated like animals and were shot for fun- Conditions comparable to the HolocaustReconstruction- Amendments made to the Constitutiono 13th amendment- abolishes slaveryo 14th amendment- due process clause; all people, particularly ex slaves, are equal under the law and treated as soo 15th amendment- black MEN can vote in elections- No women can vote yet, regardless of race- Freedman’s Bureauo Helped ex slaves- Gave shelter and food- Helped relocate slaves from the South- Reviewed employment contracts for slaves so they wouldn’t be taken advantage of - Most couldn’t read or write and therefore didn’t know when they were being taken advantage of- Opened schools for ex slaves- Taught them to read and write and be a part of society- Unfortunately the schools continued to open and close on repeat so no education really ever took place- General William Tecumseh Shermano Rallied in the South: Ex slaves should receive 40 acres and a mule- Pros: Would give ex-slaves a boost in society; allow them to be independent- Cons: Land belonged to former slave owners and they don’t want to give up their land; Republicans didn’t support because it’s “taking from the rich and giving to the poor”, AKA Socialism- Arlington National Cemeteryo As punishment for his actions (of being the general of the Confederate army) Robert E. Lee’s land was confiscated and had the graves of the dead union soldiers on it, as a memorial cemetery; the graves literally surrounded his house up to his doorstep- Lee then moves to Lexington, VA- Lincoln assassinated in 1865o Apart of a conspiracy against the North; Plot: kill president, vice president, secretary of state, and speaker of house- John Wilkes Boothe kills president- VPs killer chickened out- Sec. of State (Seward)’s killer misfired and then stabs Seward along with his son; Seward survives- Andrew Johnson takes over presidency after the death of Lincolno Lincoln wanted peaceful reconciliation with the South but new president Andrew Johnson (Democrat) wants revengeo The Presidential Office is in Tenure- Johnson cannot fire Lincoln’s appointments to office- Johnson fires the Secretary of War anyways and was impeached though he is saved by one vote- After this incident, the office of president is severely weakened and congress seems to run the government from there to 1901 (Beginning of Roosevelt’s term)- South after Civil Waro Run by 5 military governors- In 1868 there are more black males voting in south than white maleso Black men elected to US senate and congresso Carpet baggers and Scalawags- Carpet baggers- Northerners going to south - Southerners accuse them of economic exploitation claiming the Northerners are taking their jobs and land- Scalawags- Southern whites viewed as Northern sympathizers; Southern member of the Republican party; viewed as traitors to the South- James Longstreet- Became a Southern Republican- Majority of Southerners are democrats because that’s the anti-Yankee (anti-republican) party; also the anti-Lincoln party- Blacks of the south were Republicans because Lincoln freed the slaves gaining their loyaltyo Loyal up until the 1960s with Lynden Johnson (Democrat)- The Ku Klux Klano White supremacist, terroristso Try to intimidate black voterso KKK outlawed in 1870 so they then became an underground illegal organizationo Wanted to bring south back to the way it was before the war- Worked through segregations, lynching, Jim Crowe Lawso Incarnations- Come back with 3 million members in 1920s; Texas #1 for lynching


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UT Arlington HIST 1312 - Associations and Reconstruction of the Civil War

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