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UT Arlington HIST 1312 - Carter and Reagan

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HIST 1312 1st Edition Lecture 19 Outline of Last Lecture I. Nixon’s Personal Lifea. Young Lifeb. Political CareerII. Nixon and the Balance of Powera. Vietnamizationb. Modifying the Cold WarIII. Nixon and Politicsa. Pragmatic Conservatismb. An Embattled President (The Watergate Scandal)IV. About the 1970sOutline of Current Lecture I. James Earl Cartera. Electionsb. Presidency and Foreign AffairsII. Ronald Reagana. Reagan’s Lifeb. The PresidencyIII. Reagan’s Actionsa. Domesticallyb. Foreign PolicyCurrent Lecture: Carter and Reagan I. James Earl Cartera. ElectionsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Pardoning Nixon ruined Ford’s chance of getting reelected when he ran against Carter- Carter was 30 points ahead in the election but he made a mistake when he does an interview with Playboy magazine, telling Playboy that he lusted after women.o Women don’t like this and poll ratings dropped- Regardless of his error, he won the presidency in 1977b. Presidency and Foreign Affairs- Carter liked to appear squeaky clean and was very politically isolated- Carter arranges the Camp David Accords (1979)o The Prime minister of Israel and the President Of Egypt go to White House to sign agreements of recognition- Iranians took Americans hostageo Carter didn’t do much about it even though America as a whole wanted to get the hostages out.o In the summer of 1980 Carter was running against Reagan for presidency. This rescue mission would determine how the election turned outo Carter created a rescue mission with 8 helicopters going under the Iranian radar arrive at the US embassy to pick up the hostages. The rotators of the helicopter bring up dust from the desert and 3 helicopters go down. This left only the minimum 5 necessary to bring the hostages back. If they lost one more then they couldn’t bring all of the hostages back.  Carter cancelled the mission and ended up losing the electionII. Ronald Reagana. Reagan’s Life- Born and raised in Illinois along the Rock River- Lifeguard during high school and college; saved 77 liveso Causes him to have a hero complex- Father was an alcoholico Came home when he was young to his dad passed out in the snow outside in the middle of the afternoon. He carried him inside and put him to bed. He included this story in his autobiography to show his reliance on himself- Went to Eureka College to study economics. He graduated 1942 and wanted to be a sportscaster on the radioo Went to Chicago to try and get a job but they told him that he needed more experienceo Went to Davenport, Iowa and got on WHO (a radio station) then moves to Des Moines, Iowa as a sportscaster- Got a movie contract when he did a screen test for Warner Brothers and moved out to Hollywoodo Played in Newt Rockne: All American as Gipp From then on known as “The Gipper”- Married Jane Wyman in 1940- In Calvary reserves when WW2 begano 1942 became captain in the army but stayed in Hollywood to make armytraining films due to bad eyesight- Divorced Jane in 1947 and remarried in 1952 to Nancy Davis- Movie star career began failing so he moved to television. When his show was taken off of the air he endorsed Barry Goldwater in 1964 for president getting him into politics.- Even though Goldwater lost, Reagan was noticed by some wealthy businessmen who wanted to run him for governor of CAo 1966 Reagan ran against Pat Brown for the governor of California and won Governor for 8 years- Ran for president in 1976 but lost the nomination to Ford, but when he ran again in 1980 he won.b. The Presidency- Began presidency in 1981 when he was 70 years old- He was a Democrat until he was 51 when he switched to the Republican partyo He stated: “I didn’t leave the Democratic party, the democratic party leftme”- He was successful as a communicator and educator o Reagan was known as “The great communicator”- Had fundamental truths1. Communism is evil2. Religious values are good3. Political freedom good- Was trying to restore faith in democracy and in the presidencyo Had a competent white house staff James Baker is Chief of staffo Reagan was highly intelligent and a hard worker He brought congressmen to the white house to get their votes- In 1981 he had an assassination attempt on his life, shot in chest, but he survived- In 1984 Reagan was reelected for president in a landslide against Walter MondaleII. Reagan’s Actionsa. Domestically- In 1981 Reagan made a 25% tax cut to stimulate the economy which was suffering from stagflation (high unemployment, high inflation)o There was 7-10% unemployment and inflation was at 13%o This cut worked for the most part. It created 20 million new jobs Unemployment rate went down to 4.8% and inflation ended- Deregulation of wall street and the phone company along with corporate takeovers- Increased military spending by 74%o This also stimulated the economy- 1983 “Star Wars” was created- a Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) which cost 30 billion dollarso This challenged the concept of Mutually Assured Destruction MAD- Both countries having enough atomic bombs to wipe out each other completelyo Would be able to knock out the opposing missiles with lazar guides fromspaceb. Foreign Policy- 1983: The US and French put troops at the airport in Beirut, Lebanon. A terrorist drove through the airport, went to the barracks and blew up the building killing 300 people. o The US troops pulled out, but eventually some navy seal troops went back in to kill terrorists in retribution.- 1987: Muammar Gaddafi bombed a discotheque in Berlin killing Americans. Reagan planned an attack in Libya to take out Gaddafi by bombing the palace, but he isn’t killed.- 1985 there became problems with the Soviet Union. This is considered the height of the Cold Waro Within 3 years three leaders of the Soviet Union die: Leonid Brezhnev in 82, Yuri Andropov in 83, then Konstantin Chernenko in 1985. Reagan thinks: “how can I get anything done with the Soviet Union, they keep dying on me!”o Mikhail Gorbachev became the leader of Soviet Union in 1985. Him and Reagan met in Geneva Switzerland to talk about the Cold War They agreed, in principle, to reduce nuclear arms by 50% They got along well; Gorbachev thought Reagan was a very genuine persono In 1986 they met in Iceland to talk about reducing the weapons more to the point of


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