HD 300 1st Edition Exam 2 Study Guide Lectures 11 17 Sexual Abuse o o o o o o Who are the victims and who are the perpetrators of sexual abuse what characteristics predispose one to abuse or set one up for abuse o Victims are usually females 77 1 in 3 molested by age 18 o Perpetrators are usually male 97 o Sexual abuse of males is underreported o Characteristics of children abused One who has been sexually abused in the past more vulnerable Who is neglected or deprived Comes from a single parent family One with mental disabilities One who has few friends looks lonely What does consent and free will involve Can children consent knowledgeably o Informed consent means the child must have FULL understanding of the significance of the sexual encounter o A child CANNOT give informed consent Not developmentally mature enough to have full understanding They are not really free to say no o Since the perpetrator uses illegitimate power when initiating sexual consent submission on the part of the child cannot be viewed as voluntary What are the differences in boys and girls who are sexually abused How do they respond Who abuses them Who is abused most Who is most likely to disclose the abuse o Estimated cases of Sexual Abuse in US 250 000 300 000 per year o Median age 9 10 year olds Children of all ages are vulnerable o Girls more likely to be victims of incest o Boys more likely to be victims of perpetrators outside of the family o Boys SA is underreported Know the categories of familial sexual abuse o normal families that are generally not known to the public service system o multi problem families with a long history of public agency involvement o single event family Know the progression phases of sexual abuse 1 Targeting the victim 2 Gaining the victim s trust 3 Filling a need 4 Isolating the child 5 Sexualizing the relationship 6 Maintaining control Know the factors that influence the degree of trauma age of onset duration identity of the perpetrator etc o The type of abuser o Identity of abuser o Duration of abuse o o Extent of the abuse o Age of which the child was abused o The first reactions of significant others o The point at which the abuse was disclosed o The personality structure of the victim What are The four preconditions for sexual abuse to take place o The offender must Have sexual feelings toward children Overcome internal inhibitions Overcome external inhibitions Overcome child s resistance Incest o o o What is the most common for adult perpetrators and child victims 1 number wise 2 percentage wise What is the most common type of incest overall What is reported on and written about the most Are boys or girls more at risk Are boys or girls more likely to report it o Number wise biological father daughter most common o Percentage wise stepfathers or mother s boyfriend and the daughter most common incest o Sibling incest is most common overall 5 times more common than father daughter incest Step siblings is higher than biological siblings o Estimated that 1 in 10 homes is incestuous o Underreported for every case reported an estimated 25 cases go unreported Know the family patterns associated with father daughter incest o Family dysfunction and pathology o Possessive Passive Patriarchal family Male authority Father relies on intimidation and physical force to maintain submission of family members o Dependent Domineering Strong domineering woman and a weak inadequate man Mom is dominant and father associates with the children Mother withdraws and seeks gratification elsewhere like work Daughter steps into mother role and father looks to her for emotional and sexual needs o Dependent Dependent Spouses have witnessed or experienced abuse themselves Since no emotional support to each other they turn to their children for nurturance Oldest daughter assumes the role of surrogate mother and sees her task as keeping the family together as continues her role the father sees her as a rival to his wife and because his daughter appears to be more nurturing he turns to her for comfort What motivates a father to commit incest Know the types of incestuous fathers o Fathers poor impulse control low frustration tolerance and need for immediate gratification Most common a father who overcompensates for his feelings of powerlessness by adopting an extremely rigid controlling authoritarian position as the undisputed head of the household o Another type does not project his insecurity through aggressive or violent behavior but instead withdraws from adult responsibilities and maintains passive dependent role often seeming like a child himself What about the mother in the incestuous family How do the children feel about her Is she to blame What is she like Know the types of mothers in incestuous families o 2 types of mothers in incestuous families dominant and dependent o Victims harbor as much if not more resentment toward their mothers for what they perceive as that parent s failure to protect o Collusive mothers one who is withdrawn cold ill or psychologically impaired and who pushes her daughter into her own role in the family o Powerless mother one who feels helpless defeated victimized and unable to protect herself let alone her daughter o Protective mother one that is recently emerging o o Extra familial Sexual Abuse o o o o How does an outsider gain access to a child o Choose careers that put them in contact with children Teachers YMCA scout leaders camp counselors o Hang out in places where children congregate Parks malls arcades playgrounds Outside of the home where are children abused Who abuses them o School teachers o Clergy members o Online pedophiles Pedophiles know the characteristics of the fixated offender compared to the regressed offender What motivates pedophiles to offend o Regressed offender no interest in children until adult relationships break down often married usually prefer adult partner offending may be associated with a crisis abuse is less frequent o Preference offender long term interest in children become emotionally involved with children ineffective in adult relationships often acts out fantasies may see the child as the initiator o Seek relationships with children because View children as non conflictual partners Think children can satisfy their emotional needs Sexual orientation gratification is associated with children Start offending early May have biological basis genetic hormonal endocrine Know the different types of pedophiles e g pederast
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