HD_300 1st EditionExam # 1 Study Guide Lectures: 1 - 9The Exam will cover:- Lectures 1-9- Text Chapters 1-5 and 12 (the major points of each section plus bolded or italicized terms - The 5 Supplemental Readings (the major findings of each article)Lecture 1: - Child Abuse: an act committed by a parent, caregiver, or person in position of trust that is not accidental and harms or threatens to harm the child’s physical health, mental health or welfare- Neglect: failure to provide for the child’s basic needs and proper level of care, with respectto food, clothing, shelter, hygiene, medical attention or supervision- The 4 types of Abuse:o Physicalo Emotional/Psychological o Sexualo Neglect- Incidenceo How many reported cases?  3 million reported cases each year 6 cases/ minuteo How many substantiated cases? 45: 1,000o How many children die of abuse each year?  Approximately 2,000- The Underlying Reasons for Abuseo Cultural attitudes and normso History of abuse in the family (Cycle)o Presence of other forms of family violenceo Alcohol/drug use in the familyo Characteristics of the child/abusero Children can’t protect or speak up for themselveso Family structureo Breakdown of the family o Child rearing practiceso Poverty/inequalityo Cultural change- Be familiar with the PIESS Modelo 5 areas of development Physical  Intellectual Emotional Social  Spiritualo All areas of development are related to each otherLecture 2:- Historical Overviewo Know what infanticide is, why it occurs, and society’s perspective of it- both historically and presently. Infanticide: killing of a newborn with consent from parents, family or community Reasons: - Population control- Control individual family size- Illegitimacy (the parents aren’t married)- Maternal health reasons/mental illness (the mother cannot provide )- Greed for money and/or power- Superstition  Society Perspective (Historically)- Trying to determine whether the child is “Human”- China: only allowed one child and boys are favored- girls are killed, given up for adoption, left outside, etc.  Society Perspective (Currently)- Postpartum depression/psychosis - “throw away infants”, dumpster babies, airport babieso Almost all states have laws to protect the mother as long asshe drops the baby off at a police department or fire station- One reason why = Immature or impatient caregivers- Other reasons include caregiver factorso Drug useo Alcoholismo Depression or other mental illnesso Aggressiveness and anger o From a historical standpoint: How were children viewed?- Children were viewed as property of their fathers- Until the 20th century children were viewed and treated as “little adults” How were parental rights viewed?- Patria Postestas: ownership of children- Patriarchy: fathers were the boss How was sexual exploitation of children viewed?- 16th century: recognition of sexual exploitations of children- 19th century: sexual abuse was known to be wrong so it was hiddeno More of a taboo than a law- 20th /21st centuries: child pornography flourishes, child trafficking isa world-wide problem, sexual abuse occurs inside and outside the home, recognized as abuse and legal action is takeno More recent History What was the May Ellen Case?- 1874- Prevention of cruelty to animalso Laws were in place against mistreatment of animals but notchildreno That group brought the case to court saying humans are mammals How did SPCA get involved in the child abuse issue?- Laid the foundation for the creation of Society for the Preventions of Cruelty to Children (SPCC) created in 1875 What is battered child syndrome?- 1962 Dr. Henry Kempe described- “The battered-child syndrome, a clinical condition in young children who have received serious physical abuse, is a frequent cause of permanent injury or death. The syndrome should be considered in any child exhibiting evidence of fracture of any bone,subdural hematoma, failure to thrive, soft tissue swelling or skin bruising, in any child who dies suddenly, or where the degree and type of injury is at variance with the history given regarding the occurrence of the trauma.” How is the Social Security Act related to child Abuse?- In 1930 the Social Security Act mandated child welfare serviceso Mutilation Be familiar with different types of mutilation.- Male Circumcision: removal of the foreskin from the human penis- Female Genital Mutilation (FGM)o 3 types not performed by a doctor usually in unsanitary places Sunna – mildest form- Removal of all or part of the clitoris  Excision- Removal of clitoris and the labia minora Infibulations- most severe and most common- Removal of clitoris, labia minora, and part of the labia majora- Sutured, leaving only a tiny hole for urine and menstrual flowo When she gets married, husband must slowly create a bigger hole- Foot bindingo 1/10 girls die of infectiono Eventually bones in mid-foot would be broken - Neck /head/crainial binding- Plates in earlobes and lips- Vicious mutilationo Hurting the child so the child can beg and make more money  Which is most common today?- Mutilation of the genitalsLecture 3: Developmental Issues- When does the tendency towards abuse begin? o Prior to the conception of the child- Which group of children are most at risk for abuse?o Infants are most vulnerable to abuse of all age groups - What is Hyper-Vigilance?o Stilling, when the child may be playing and then just goes blank and gone, this happens when they have been exposed to violence o Constant scanning for threats- What is a Parentified Child?o When a sibling is taking care of the other siblings- What is resiliency and what contributes to a child’s resiliency?o Resiliency: child’s ability to adapt to adversity and function adequately despite it’s existenceo Contributions: child’s temperament/ personal characteristics, combined with a close relationship with at least one parent or nurturing adult, social support outside of the family- What types of children are prone to abuse? Normal Lectures 4/5: The Family - What is a system, how does this work with families, and what is the primary function of a system?o Must maintain some type of balance, continue a flow of information, and monitor the communication among members- Know the basic ethnic differences between families.o Native American Families: Structure does