BS 161 1st Edition Lecture 35 Outline of Last Lecture I Gene expression Outline of Current Lecture II Gene expression III Viruses Current Lecture oncogenes cancer causing genes proto oncogenes corresponding normal cellular genes that are responsible for normal cell growth and division example growth factor receptor conversion of a proto oncogene to an oncogene can lead to abnormal stimulation of the cell cycle proto oncogenes can be converted to oncogenes by movement of DNA within the genome if it ends up near an active promoter transcription may increase amplification of a proto oncogene increases the number of copies of the gene point mutations in the proto oncogene or its control elements causes an increase in gene expression dominant only one allele needs to be changed in order to express the phenotype recessive both alleles must be mutated in order to exhibit the phenotype allele alternative form of DNA at a given locus locus a specific location on a chromosome tumor suppressor genes help prevent uncontrolled cell growth viruses very small infectious particles consisting of nucleic acid enclosed in a protein coat and in some cases a membranous envelope NOT cells may consist of double or single stranded DNA double or single stranded RNA capsid the protein shell that encloses the viral DNA made of capsomere monomers
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