GEOG 111 1st Edition Lecture 20 Outline of Last Lecture I Temperature a Altitude b Soil Moisture c Global temperature patterns II Vertical air motions Outline of Current Lecture I Types of uplif a Convective lif i Stability of atmosphere II Review for Exam 2 Current Lecture I Types of uplif i Convective lif buoyant air parcels rise as they remain relatively warmer less dense than their surroundings 1 Warming is accompanied by expansion decrease in density 2 Ex Hot air balloon rises because the air in the balloon is hotter less dense than the surrounding air a Cooling as it goes up but sill warmer than surrounding air 3 Thermals air lifing on its own a Thermals come from mountain tops and mountain sides particularly those facing the sun i Late morning South East slopes are absorbing more radiation so thermals get established 4 Stability of atmosphere a ELR DALR WALR absolutely unstable convection b DALR ELR WALR conditionally unstable convection IF atmosphere is saturated c DALR WALR ELR absolutely stable no convection no matter what because thermal is cooler than surrounding air and resists vertical air motions inversion stability 5 Instabilitya If a thermal is rising and reaches an inversion the thermal will stop rising and atmosphere regains stability 6 Rising and sinking air parcels warm and cool at the a Unsaturated dry adiabatic lapse rate RH 100 b Saturated wet adiabatic lapse rate RH 100 These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute i Not going to cool nearly as rapidly during lifing ii WALR is nearly half of the DALR 1 Because water vapor must be removed by condensation or deposition cuts cooling rate in half a Lots of sensible and latent heat available b Heat must be liberated c More likely to lif more quickly c Environmental lapse rate ELR varies according to the weather 7 Controls on the ELR and convection a ELR determines stability b Daytime radiational warming i Lower tropospheric warming atmosphere more unstable ii Most likely to get storms when air is warm at bottom of column c Night time radiational cooling i Lower tropospheric cooling stabilizes the column ii ELR becomes less steep and may even cause an inversion on a clear calm night d Approaching 500 mb trough cool air moving in alof i Middle tropospheric cooling ii Steepens the ELR iii Makes atmosphere unstable iv Increase likelihood of storms e Approaching 500 mb ridge i Middle tropospheric warming ii Makes atmosphere stable iii No convection convective clouds II Review for exam 2 a Antarctica is colder than north polar region i Much higher elevation and continental region ii Little bit of heat conduction through ice at North Pole iii Siberia is coldest place in North America b Sea land breeze i Sunny day along coastal region water is cooler than land result of temperature difference results in pressure difference 1 Moves from high pressure off coast to low pressure inland ii What season of the year is the sea breeze strongest 1 Difference in temperature between land and water between seasons 2 Speed of sea breeze results in how great the temperature difference is 3 Water temperatures off our coast 4 Water v land c Valley mountain breeze i On a sunny day air rises on ridges causing instability on slopes and ridge tops upslope flow because air is rising ii Those slopes getting direct sunlight cause more convective lif stronger rising iii Air is convecting and moving upslope d Geostrophic winds i Happening in upper levels of atmosphere where no friction is taking place ii Moving with respect to rotating Earth iii Winds slow down near surface is a result of friction 1 Coriolis force is not as great but pressure gradient forces stays the same 2 Greater friction on surface more turning inward
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