GEOG 111 1st Edition Lecture 8 Outline of Last Lecture I. Heat transfera. Sensible heat fluxb. Latent heat fluxOutline of Current Lecture I. Energy Imbalances and Energy TransferII. Greenhouse effecta. The Carbon CycleCurrent LectureI. Energy Imbalances and Energy Transfera. Horizontal- on a global scalei. Why is Q* greater in the Southern Hemisphere summer as compared to the Northern Hemisphere summer? (don’t need to know for the test)ii. What mechanisms act to transfer heat from low to high latitudes? Wind and ocean currentsb. Verticali. Most shortwave radiation gets through the atmosphere and reaches the surfaceii. Surface is generally warmer than the atmosphere1. Since heat moves from warmer to cooler, the surface is often responsible for heating up the atmosphereiii. Convection is responsible for the sensible heat flux but the latent heat flux is three times greater (and is due to all of the water on Earth’s surface)iv. What happens at night when the ground is colder than the atmosphere? More longwave radiation going out than coming in, Q* is negative over surfaces on clear nights. Once the air is saturated, condensation occurs, releasing heatII. The Greenhouse Effecta. Some of the infrared radiation emitted from the surface passes through the atmosphere, and some is absorbed and re-emitted in all directions by greenhouse gas moleculesi. This warms the Earth’s surface and cools the atmosphereThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.b. Greenhouse gasesi. CO2 (from burning fossil fuels)ii. Methane (from rice paddies, cattle flatulence)- concentration is much lower than CO2iii. H2O (from oceans)iv. Ozone (from burning fossil fuels, is a pollutant) c. The Carbon Cyclei. Concerns: combustion of fossil fuels (oil and natural gases) and deforestationii. Carbon dioxide sources: volcanism, weathering and erosion, respiration, burning/decay of plants, evaporation from oceaniii. Oceans act as sinks for CO2 (net movement of CO2 from atmosphere to oceans over time)iv. Many of the rocks today were once fossilized in the ocean and then re-exposed to the atmosphere as limestonev. CO2 concentrations are increasing on an annual basis1. Minimum in October peak in late April2. Has to do with the growing season in the spring3. Photosynthesis reduces the amount of carbon in the
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