HD 300 1st Edition Lecture 11 Outline of Last Lecture I II Upcoming Exam Term Paper a Extra credit for plagiarism activity Outline of Current Lecture I Demographics II Types of Sexual Abuse III Preconditions IV The perpetrator V Issue of Consent VI Incest a Myths about incest VII Factors contributing to sexual abuse a Childhood experiences of the offender b Cultural norms c Vulnerable role relationships d Partner characteristics e Factors that make the child readily available to the abuser f Factors affecting self esteem of perpetrator g Child factors Current Lecture Demographics Sexual abuse cuts across all socioeconomic levels Offenders usually male 97 Victims usually female 77 o 1 in 3 molested by age 18 Sexual abuse of males is under reported o Reported 1 in 7 molested by age 18 Professionals in the field think it is more than that o The rate may be as high as that for girls Estimated cases of SA in U S 250 000 to 300 000 per year o HHS Report 2011 36 592 reported in 2010 Median age is 9 to 10 o Children of all ages are vulnerable birth through adolescence Girls more likely to be victims of incest Boys more likely to be victims of perpetrators outside of the family These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute SA most common within families also known as incest o Estimated 1 in 10 homes incestuous Adult child incest o Number wise stepfathers or mother s boyfriend and the daughter most common Sibling incest is most common overall o 5 times more common than father daughter incest o Step siblings is higher than biological siblings Sexual Abuse Includes much more than sexual intercourse Often begins innocuously and may not progress to sexual intercourse for a long time o Grooming the child Types of Sexual Abuse Voyeurism peeping Tom Exposure flashing Suggestive or dirty talk Pornography o Showing or involving child Fondling o Inside or outside Masturbation o Masturbating in front of the child o Masturbating the child o Having child masturbate the perpetrator Rubbing genitals on the child Penetration Rape o Any sexual activity in which force threats of force or threats in general are use Penetration does NOT have to occur Preconditions The offender must o Have sexual feelings toward children o Overcome internal inhibitions o Overcome external inhibitions o Overcome child s resistance The Perpetrator Compared to the victim the perpetrator o Possess more knowledge about sex o More powerful than the victim o Is generally older The act is primarily for the sexual gratification of the offender The Issue of Consent Informed consent means the child must have a full understanding of the significant of the sexual encounter A child cannot give informed consent o Not developmentally mature enough to have a full understanding o Is not really free to say no Since the perpetrator uses illegitimate power when initiating sexual consent submission on the part of the child cannot be viewed as voluntary Incest Legally defined as sexual intercourse between two persons so closely related that marriage is prohibited by law o Sex between step parents and children or between step siblings is viewed as incest For every reported case of incest an estimated 25 cases go unreported Also under treated Myths about Incest It is limited to rural sections of the country o NOT TRUE CAN HAPPEN ANYWHERE It is a one or two time occurrence involving a single child in the family o NOT TRUE CAN GO ON FOR YEARS INVOLVE MULTIPLE CHILDREN It is just another normal deviation in a varied sex life open families The incest taboo limits incest Incest is less traumatic to the child than sexual assault by a stranger Children may be responsible for the incestuous encounter Factors Contributing to Sexual Abuse Childhood experiences of the offender o An estimated 70 if male sex offenders were molested when they were children Cultural norms that o Sanction the right of adults to impose their will on children o Support male dominance o Are related to male sexuality Vulnerable role relationships o Step foster and adopted children o Non custodial or single parents Partner characteristics o Rejection ridicule and defiance by a partner o Infidelity o Withholding sex Factors that make the child readily available to the abuser o Crowded living conditions o Sleeping arrangements o Parents working different shifts One parent home one parent is not o Child care arrangements Factors affecting self esteem of perpetrator o Loss of a job o Unemployment o Injuries or illness o Disabilities o Rejection by pees or family members Child factors a child o Who has been sexually abused in the past more vulnerable Coming on to the adult or have low self esteem and are an easy target o Who is neglected or deprived o Comes from a single parent family o With mental disabilities o Who has few friends Looks lonely sad Family factors o Family problems o Parental incapacity Abusing alcohol on drugs just doesn t know how to parent etc o Marital status o Family characteristics Alcoholism or drug dependency Authoritarian fathers Social isolation of the family Categories of Incestuous Families Normal families that are generally not known to the public service system Multi problem families with a long history of public agency involvement The single event family Patterns of Sexual Abuse Dyadic o Most common pattern o Involves 2 people perpetrator and victim Group sex o Single offender and more than one victim o More than one offender and or victim Gang rape Sexual exploitation o Children are sued to produce pornography and are sold as prostitutes Sex rings o Boys are more likely to be victimized o Generally developed by pedophiles Ritualistic sexual abuse o Private occurs frequently and in the same manner o Group involves more than 2 persons and is likely to include occult practices Defense Mechanisms Behavioral o Feign sleep o Hide o Withdrawal o Submission o Some will report Psychological o Denial o Repression o Regression o Rationalization making excuses o Dissociation multiple personality dissociative identity disorder o Post traumatic stress disorder PTSD