HIST 1312 1st Edition Exam 1 Study Guide Lectures 1 9 Lecture 1 August 26 What associations can be made to the civil war and what went on during Reconstruction Civil war associations are medicine spies new pastimes in soldier life new technology and death and devastation During Reconstruction the 13th 14th and 15th amendments were made Also many people and groups worked to aid African Americans in getting situated into life as free men including William T Sherman and the Freedman s Bureau Lincoln s assassination was a huge event during reconstruction and he was replaced by Andrew Johnson Even though slavery ended racism was still a very large issue and groups like the Ku Klux Klan made life difficult for African Americans Lecture 2 August 28 When was the American West and why is this such an important point to make about that time period The American West was 1865 1890 This really was only a span of 25 years so what we think of today as the old country being all western all the time is untrue In reality the age of the west and cowboys had a very short lifespan Who was Frederick Jackson Turner and what were his main points about the West Turner was a farm boy from the west who becomes a professor at Harvard and wrote his thesis on the American West His points were as follows The west is not a geographical place but rather a receding line where savagery meets civilization This struggle for Americans to find land in the west is what defines them to understand Americans you have to understand the frontier The frontier reproduces American democracy and individualism free land makes men free Finally Turner claimed that in 1890 the frontier had closed Define the cowboys and name people associated with the cowboys and the west Cowboys were less than 1 of the population who worked cattle drives sometimes as far as from Texas to Kansas Some famous people were Wild Buffalo Bill Cody Wild Bill Hickok Wyat Earp and Billy the Kid What issues occurred with the Native American population and what battles erupted from it Because of the constant move of Americans westward the United States government decided that the Indian population needed to be relocated Many were moved west of the Mississippi River to places like Oklahoma were Americans saw the land as useless The Battle of Little Big Horn erupted from constant fighting and massacres where the Indians defeated the Americans After this Wounded Knee occurred which ended the Indian wars Lecture 3 September 2 What type of economics was being used during the Gilded Age and how did this affect society Laissez Faire economics was being used in this time period meaning that there was no government intervention within companies This made the richer grow richer and the poorer grow poorer creating a wider gap between economic classes and no middle class What are the two ways to describe businessmen during the Gilded Age and who were some of the famous ones Well known businessmen included Andrew Carnegie John D Rockefeller and J P Morgan They were described as Captain of Industry Seemed to embody the American dream of Rags to Riches Robber Barons Immoral greedy and corrupt Bribery illegal business practices and cruelty to workers were not uncommon during this period and many of the most respected industrialists were also feared and hated What was an important labor organization and who ran it The most important labor organization of that time to remember is the American Federation of Labor Its founder and first president was Samuel Gompers The AFL worked for better wages shorter work days and weeks worker safety and insurance Where were the immigrants coming from at the time and what political machine was controlling them Immigrants were coming from places in Southern and Eastern Europe like Italy Greece Poland and the Ukraine Tammany Hall was a political machine run by the Democrats People would help immigrants find jobs homes and other necessities when they got off the boat from their home country but they did it all expecting the immigrants vote later on during elections Define Eugenics The science of eugenics claimed that heredity determined cultural and social patterns and hence that selective human breeding would advance civilization racial purity Lecture 4 September 4 Define the Cult of True Womanhood and their four points The Cult of True Womanhood is the Victorian Era ideal of what women should be and act like The four points are Piety Purity Submission and Domesticity Areas of social change that alarmed the Victorian Era women were dress reform women s education and women entering the workforce What was the goal of the suffragists The suffragists focused on winning the right for women to vote They used the claim that women are more pure and noble than men so they could solve the corruption occurring in politics Who were two important people of the civil rights movement and what were their solutions Booker T Washington He wanted to work towards moving African Americans to middle class societies Since many of them could not read or write forcing them straight into a secondary education could be overwhelming Rather he wanted to make sure they got jobs and were able to support themselves W E B Du Bois Argued that of you only try to move African Americans to the middle class then they ll always be under the thumb of the white elite To solve this he said that African Americans needed to go to universities and get law degrees What was the purpose of the I Q test and how would it be a hindrance to students The I Q test was used to try and tell the innate intelligence of a person This could lead to segregation based on intelligence such as doctors and lawyers segregated from the janitors Unfortunately the test cannot tell all forms of intelligence such as learned intelligence or skills learned from life so it cannot always show exactly how smart a person is Lecture 5 September 9 Who were the Populists The populists were farmers trying to protect themselves through unions Their complaints included that there was no understanding from bankers on the living situations of farmers and that no one helps the farmers even though they were necessary for food The farmers formed unions in order to not be taken advantage of anymore What was the Age of Progressivism This is known as the urban counterpart to populism Progressivism found support among small businessmen professionals and middle class urban reformers They wanted an end to White slavery Prohibition