GEOG 202 Lecture 7Outline of Previous LectureoEurope: East and WestCold WarTwo American PresidentsCold War ended on 11/4/1989-Industrial RevolutionOutline of Current Lecture- Ch. 9: Russian Domaino Physical Settingo Environmental Issueso High Latitude Continental Climate o Agricultureo Population and Settlemento Urban Landscapes o Demographic CrisisCurrent Lecture-Ch. 9: Russian DomainoPhysical Setting-Huge: largest country-High latitudes -Mountain ranges UralsCaucasusEastern-Ukraine: Farmland-South Russia: Steppe (grassland)-Siberia: Taiga (forest), tundra (no trees), and permafrostoEnvironmental IssuesThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.-Novaya ZemlyaHome of Russian nuclear submarine fleet, could be large amount of nuclear waste dumped there -ChernobylWorld's worst nuclear accident, put a damper on world nuclear power especially in US -Lake BaikalFresh water polluted by factories -Tunguska meteor crater1908 massive explosionVisible all the way from England to IndiaoHigh Latitude Continental Climate-Hard, cold winters -Severe seasonal temperatures -Marginal agricultural potential -Climograph - be able to tell where the area is located by looking at a climographoAgriculture-Limited by harsh climate and poor soils -Only is Southwest -Ukraine grows grain that feeds Russia oPopulation and Settlement-210 million people -Mostly urban-Concentrated west of Ural mountains -PopulationSparsely populated Moscow: largest city, continues to attract workers St. Petersburg: Baltic PortSiberian region has lost 40% of its population since 1991 -Population Indicators Largest: Russia, 2nd: Ukraine TFR's-Low, not replenishing itself without immigration -SettlementMoscow, Russia (pop. 11 million)-Marxist philosophy (socialist economy) required urbanization-Soviet planners thought clustering people was more efficient -Forced urbanization -Government assigned jobs and place to live -Internal passports prohibited free movement of people During Soviet Era (1917-1991)-Gulag Archipelago: Siberian political prisons-Made famous by writer Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn-Lenin imprisoned priests, political prisoners, and common criminals-Then Joseph Stalin (1928-1953) sent 12-15 million to Siberia -Russification: Resettling Russians to non-Russian parts of the USSR; cultural imperialism Recent Migration-Toward Moscow -Immigrants were Russians returning from central Asia -Emigrants (people leaving Russia) to Europe and to Israel, "BrainDrain" of young, well-educatedHousing-Mikrorayons: high rise urban housing projects by soviet government in 1970's and 80's-Furnished by governmentoUrban Landscapes-Moscow, Russia Red Square-St. Basils Cathedral-Kremlin -St. Petersburg: Russia's most beautiful cityOne of Europe's great cities, known for architecture, culture-Tchaikovsky - composer-Dostoyevsky - author Founded by Tsar, Peter the Great, in 1703(very young city by European standards)Network of canals, reclaimed swampCapital of Russia between 1712 and 1917Major trade window to West Port city to Baltic SeaRenamed Leningrad during Soviet era -Trans Siberian RailroadSiberia: Permafrost limits possible infrastructure Vladivostok, Russia-Eastern terminus of the railroad oDemographic Crisis -Declining PopulationLower total fertility rates Alcoholism in middle aged males, unprecedented in developed world Increased deaths due to toxic environment-Lack of optimism about futureCannot afford children Murder rates increasing News item: Government holiday and prizes for