GEOG 202 Lecture 20Outline of Last Lecture  South Asian Diaspora o Agriculture o Urban South Asiao Cultural Coherence and Diversity o Religious Diversity Linguistic Diversity Outline of Current Lecture o Geopolitical Change o Geopolitical Issues o Economy o The Rise of India o South Asian Issues - Ch. 13: Southeast Asia o What is it?o Physical Setting o Climate o Environmental Issueso Population and Settlement o Cultural Coherence and Diversity These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.o Geopolitical Current LectureoGeopolitical Change -1500's until early 1700's: Mughal Empire -British East India Trading Company in mid-1700's -1856: Became British colony -1947: British withdrew from South Asia The British Partition (1947)-Britain withdrew leaving India and Pakistan divided -Hindu and Muslim majorities respectively -Result of Partition: brutality and sovereignty-Hundreds of thousands massacred -Millions displaced -Pakistan split (1971)-Bangladesh (East)-Pakistan (West)oGeopolitical Issues -Kashmir: severe religious conflict and disputed claim between India, Pakistan and China-Most dangerous place in world? "Ticking time bomb in Kashmir"-India and Pakistan: Nuclear weapons -Pakistan in War on TerrorPre-9/11, supported Taliban US used diplomatic and economic incentives to enlist Pakistan as ally in War on Terror Tribes in western part of country violently disagree and still actively support Taliban Refuge for Osama Bin Laden?Top scientist transferred nuclear technology to North Korea, Iran, and Libya2007 assassination of former PM and presidential candidate 2008 Mumbai, India terror attack by Pakistani citizens oEconomy -Region of striking contrastsWorlds poorest region (along w/ Sub Saharan Africa), but immense wealthHigh tech, but high illiteracy -Micro loans to womenFunding through foundations and NGOs (Non-government organizations)Now, potential fraud? Nobel prize winning banker accused oABC News: The Rise of India -Democracy with capitalism -Crowded, organized chaos-Young, energetic-Outsourcing US economy, even medicine-What you see outside is not what is inside-Economy grows while government sleeps -Driven by reference for knowledge oSouth Asian Issues -Widespread, gut-wrenching poverty -Training ground and safe haven for global terrorism -Strong hostilities between 2 countries with nuclear weapons -Needs updated infrastructure -Environmental considerations-Population growth -Caste system, human rights, equal opportunities?-Ch. 13: Southeast AsiaoWhat is it?oTwo sub-regions: Mainland and Insular Southeast Asiao11 countries; 10 of which are in the Association of Southeast Asian Nation (ASEAN)**oFormerly known as Indochina-Highlights influence of India and China oPhysical Setting oPlate boundaries indicates high amounts of tectonic activity (earthquakes, volcanoes, tsunamis)oTyphoons plus deforestation equal mudslide oClimate oHumid tropical oSeasonal rainfall and equatorial indicators oNatural Hazards -Volcanoes -Typhoons -Tsunamis -Earthquakes oEnvironmental Issues oDeforestation -Logging -Indigenous farming -Export oriented logging -Denuded landscapes, damaged watersheds, reduced biodiversity -National parks and protected areas oAir Pollution -Urban smog plus smoke -Affecting tourism -Drought caused natural forest fires -Logging brings human-induced forest fires oPopulation and Settlement oJust over 500 million people oIsland of Java: some of the worlds highest rural population densities oIslands of Borneo and New Guinea have low population densitiesoPopulation Indicators -Only 40% live in cities -Indonesia largest, then Philippines and Vietnam (largest mainland population) -In Singapore, government pays bonuses for 3rd and 4th child oPrimate Cities -Manila, PhilippinesMore than half city's population lives in squatter settlements "Chinatown" at geobeats.com - common to have a connection to China even though China is not in the same region -Bangkok, ThailandMetro area is 25 times larger than Thailand's next largest city "Local etiquette" at geobeats.com***oCultural Coherence and Diversity oSouth Asian > Influence oChinese > Influence oIslamic > Influence oVery diverse oLinguistic - diverse -No unifying language oReligious -Indonesia: most populous Muslim country in the world (225 million)**-Buddhism dominates mainland-Animism in lesser populated highland areas-Christianity in Philippines oGeopolitical oEuropean colonialism with strong Asian imperialist imprint oMore recent US imprint in Philippines and VietnamoPirates in Straits of Malacca oReligious tensions oEthnic tensions between indigenous peoples and Asian migrants oEuropean Colonialism -Netherlands -France -Britain -Spain -Portugal -Thailand has never been