GEOG 202 Lecture 13Outline of Last Lecture - Chapter 6: Sub-Saharan Africao Physical SettingOutline of Current Lecture o Climateo Population and Settlemento Culture o Geopolitical Frameworko EconomyCurrent LectureoDeforestation -Shortage of biofuels -Wahagri Maathai: Organized that planting of 1 million trees in Kenya oClimate: Tropical oEquatorial oDesert oRainy season oPopulation oConcentrated in Rift Valley, west African coast, and SaheloMore rural than other parts of the world oAgricultural density (# farmers/arable) is high oPopulation indicators:-Highest Population: Nigeria -Percent Urban: Low -Total Fertility Rate: HIGHoDemographicsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.-More than 800 million people -World fastest growing region -Nearly half of the population is younger than 15 years old -Child and maternal mortality rates high -Life expectancy is low (50) and dropping oDiseases -In 2007, 2/3 of worlds cases of HIV/AIDS in sub saharan africa Started in Congo 58% of Africans with AIDS are women Southern Africa > 20%-MalariaMosquito borne Banned DDT is effective preventionNets Cure? -Ebola No known cure? 60-90% death rate Spread how? Mapping the outbreak Cultural resistance oGreen Revolution -Teaches farmers techniques to move from subsistence to export agriculture, supporting themselves -Norman Borlaug (Founder of the Green Revolution): "Africa has the potential, but not the infrastructure. You cant eat potential."oUrban Settlement -Least urbanized region of the world, but cities growing -1 megacity: 14 million in Lagos -Mega slumsoCulture oLinguistic Diversity-Swahili is African Trade language (lingua franca) -Superimposed are: French and English, Arabic and Somali-Oldest: Khoisan oReligion-Islam in Sahel and Horn of Africa, spreading south -Christianity or Christian/Animist mix in south Africa oGlobalization and African Culture -African Slave Trade To western hemisphere North to the Saharan States Across Indian Ocean to S. Asia -MusicAfrican rhythms in Caribbean, Latin America, and US music Political conscience and protest"History Detectives Slave Songbook PBS"-Efforts to preserve culture with slave songbook -John Lomax (A&M, 1910) and son Alan, music archivists at Smithsonian -Example of historical geographer working in archives oGeopolitical FrameworkoEuropean Imprint-Berlin Conference (1884)British seizure of Egypt in 1882 upset French To avoid war, Germany called Berlin Conference to divide up Africa No African leaders attended -Independent nationsLiberia: Est. 1822, slaves could return to Africa Ethiopia: Italy tried South Africa: in 1910 became 1st Sub-Saharan colony to gain independence oPan African Movement -"Africa for Africans"Decolonization Independence -W.E.B. Du Bois: Endorsed in 1900 -Winston Churchill: in 1946 said no one should live have to live under tyranny -During 1950's and 60's, European countries gave African colonies their independence oEconomyoThe poorest oLeast developed region of the world oAfrican Poverty -Infrastructure Debt Lack of roads -Food Policies Import? Grow own (Green Revolution) -Corruption Kleptocracy: corrupt government o"Naomi Campbell's Blood Diamonds"-Historically, DeBeers (S. African Firm) controlled world diamond markets -Recently "Blood Diamonds" from W African funded civil wars in Sierra Leone andLiberia -Kimberly Process: Attempt to regulate industry and stop diamond smuggling -"Blood diamonds" vs. "ethical diamonds"-"Blood oil" vs "ethical oil" oSocial Development oIlliteracy high oGendered roles proliferate oZimbabweoLand redistribution under President Robert Mugabe-Ruined agricultural economy -Starvation -Fraud and cronyism oRefugees to S. Africa oStaggering inflation " Zimbabwe inflation rate hits 11.2 million per