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TAMU GEOG 202 - SE Asian Issues
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GEOG 202 Lecture 22Outline of Last Lecture  Conflicts in Burma Khmer Rouge o Economic Development Outline of Current Lecture o SE Asian Issues- Ch. 14: Australia and Oceaniao What is it?o Physical Settingo Climate o Environmental Issueso Population o Geopolitical Frameworko Economyo Australia and Oceania IssuesCurrent LectureoIn the news within recent history:oSE Asia is a land of contrasts:-Uplifting because of the story of Singapore -Despairing because of the Khmer Rouge oBBC NewsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.-Changes in Burma?-Malaysia tensions? oSE Asian Issues oHuman Rights-Burma (Myanmar) massacres -Khmer Rouge: Cambodians forced out of cities. 2 million died 30 years ago -Exploitation of women oGovernance -Communism vs democracy oEconomic relationships with China oWhich side in War on Terror? -Ch. 14: Australia and Oceania oWhat is it?oDominated by Pacific Ocean oShared indigenous and colonial history oInternational Date Line timeticker.com o3 characteristics unite regionoIsolated physical setting oResponses between indigenous peoples and outside cultures (European and Asian)oPhysical Setting oMany isolated tropical islands oOne southern hemisphere continent with desert interior oOne glaciated country oMany subducting plate boundaries oMariana trench -Deepest place on earth -Almost 36,000 ft deep oNew Zealand -Extraordinary flora and fauna because of island isolation 85% native plants found nowhere else on Earth -Two large islands and many small ones -Volcanic peaks and geothermal features oAustralia oClimate oVaried:-Tropical humid -Desert -Highland oEquatorial and Southern hemisphere oEnvironmental Issues oNon-native species invasion oDesertification in Australia oMining oWater supply -Needs rainwater No lakes or rivers on small islandsNo aquifers oPopulation o36 million people (smallest region)o20 million in Australia. Largest city is Sydney (4 mil)oMost Australians along coast oMost New Zealanders live on North Island oIn Oceania, most population is not urbanoTFR is high. "Carrying capacity" of small islands low oHistorical Settlement Patterns-From mainland Asia, gradually moved SE -Indigenous peoples: Australia: AborigineNew Zealand: Maori oSydney, Australia -Largest city in Oceania (4.5 mil)-Spectacular natural harbor -Sydney Opera House: Iconic architecture oDifferent from Caribbean -In the S Pacific, European influence is predominantly British and French Indigenous culture still vibrant and influential oGeopolitical Framework oEuropean colonization during late 1800's oDecolonized after WWI and WWII oAustralia and New Zealand exert major influence oFrance still involved oNative land rights -Australian Aborigines -New Zealand MaorioEconomy oExport of raw materials -Mining: Australia is worlds largest exporter of iron and coal -Logging and fisheries -Australian and New Zealand agricultureLivestock -Cattle and dairy farming -Sheep (New Zealand)Wheat Viticulture: Grapes -Tourism Milford Track in New Zealand oIsland Nation of Nauru -1973 CBS News Clip-One of the wealthiest nations in world in 1973 -Sold its phosphate deposits -Now, phosphate gone, country bankrupt-Its citizens are most obese in the world -On welfare from Australia and UN oNew Zealand -Before EU, exported butter and wool to Great Britain, but now cant -Used to be known for high taxes, lots of social welfare, government ownership of large companies -1980's: recession, then drastic reform Privatization: change from government to private ownership -Now, one of worlds most market-oriented countries oAustralia and Oceania Issues oTensions between indigenous peoples and later settlers (economic opportunitiesand land claims)oAustralian water supplyoSmall islands -Water supply -Extractive economies -Recycling and trash disposal -Invasive


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