PSYC 4600.002 Lecture 8Outline of Last Lecture I. No Multitasking AllowedII. The Founding Father of Modern Psychologya. Wilhelm Wundti. Influenceii. Work1. Cultural Psychology2. The study of Conscious Experiencea. Mediate Experienceb. Immediate Experiencec. Method of Introspection d. Elements of conscious experiencei. Sensationsii. Feelingsiii. Tridimensional theory of feelings1. Organizing the elements of conscious experience2. Fate of Wundt's Psychology in Germany3. Criticism of Wundtian psychologyiii. Legacy III. Other developments in German Psychologya. Hermann Ebbinghausi. Research on Learningii. Research with Nonsense SyllablesIV. Other Early German Psychologistsa. Franz Bretano (1838-1917)b. Carl Stumph (1848-1936)c. Oswald Kulpe (1862-1915)Outline of Current LectureI. Edward Bradford Titchenera. Differences between Wundt and Titchenerb. Life as Titchener's grad studentc. Titchener's Experimentalistsd. Women and Titchenere. His worki. Elements of Consciousness1. 3 problems for psychology2. 3 elementary states of consciousnessII. StructuralismThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.a. CriticismIII. Criticisms of IntrospectionIV. Additional criticismsV. Contributions of StructuralismCurrent Lecture- Edward Bradford Titchener(1867-1927) o Wundt's student; moved to US o His system was different from Wundt's in some important ways  Wundt  Focused on the ORGANIZATION of mental elements  Believed the mind had the power to organize mental elements voluntarily  Titchener  Focused on mental elements themselves  Believed elements were mechanically linked through association o Life as Titchener's grad student  Formidable but adored by students  Advocate for women scholars but also exclusive  Controlling Conducted experiments on his grad students  Discarded Wundt's doctrines of voluntarism and apperception o Titchener's Experimentalists  Formed in 1904, would meet at Titchnener's home  Group of psycologist who met regularly to discuss their work  Titchener selected the topics and dominated the meetings o Women and Titchener  Accepted women into his graduate program when Harvard and Columbia didn't  More women completed doctoral degrees with Titchener than any other male psychologist of the time  First doc student was Margaret Floy Washburn  More than 1/3 of the 56 doctorates he awarded were to women  Favored hiring women faculty  Rule: No women allowed (too pure to smoke) o His work  Subject Matter: The content of conscious experience  Subject matter of psychology is CONSCIOUS EXPERIENCE  Other science are independent of the experiencing person  Consciousness vs. Mind  Basic science  Method: Introspection  Observers trained to describe the elements to their conscious state rather than report the familiar name (stimulus error)  Similar to Kulpe's system  Same level- systematic experimental introspection  unlike Wundt, Titchener emphasized parts and not the whole The Elements of Consciousness  3 problems for psychology  Reduce conscious processes to their simplest components  Determine laws by which these elements were associated  Connect the elements with their physiological conditions  Similar to the natural sciences  Three elementary states of consciousness  Sensations- immediate environment  Images- memory of the experience  Affective states- emotions brought on by the object  Mental elements are basic and irreducible  Can be characterized by their quality, intensity, clearness, and duration - Structuralism o Titchener's system of psychology that became popular in the US and lasted over two decades before being overthrown o Criticisms of structrualism  People often gain prominence by opposing an older view point, but withTitchenerthis was reversed  He stood firm when everyone else had moved beyond him  The fact that structuralism lasted so long is a testament to his commanding personality - Criticisms of Introspection o Mind is not capable of studying itself o Introspection alters the conscious experience under observation o Titchenercould not give an exact definition of introspection o Disagreement among observers o Freud's rise to popularity- if much of themindisunconscious, what good is introspection? - Additional criticisms o Structuralism too artificial and sterile o The whole experience cannot be captured by a combination of elements o Limited concepts of the field:Titchenerdisregarded animal and child psychology - Contributions of Structuralism o Research methods  Based on observation, experimentation, and measurement  Highest traditions of science o Model of introspection still influential  Introspective methods used in various settings still o Catalyst for other schools of thought  Point of criticism, something to