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UNT PSYC 4600 - Chapter 2- Philosophical Influences on Psychology pt. 1
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PSYC 4600.002 Lecture 4 Outline of Last Lecture I. The Middle Agesa. St. Augustine of Hippob. Islamc. Transmission of Ideasi. The Crusadesd. St. Thomas Aquinase. William Ockhamf. Development of UniversesII. The Renaissancea. Rebirthb. Printingc. Sciencei. Key figures1. Nicolaus Copernicus2. Giordauno Burno3. Galileo Galieli4. William Harvey5. Issac Newton6. Baruch SpinozaIII. TrendsOutline of Current Lecture I. The Defecating Duck and the Newfound wonders of Machinesa. Automatab. Clock-work UniverseII. Determinism and RealismIII. Automata: people as machinesa. Steam EnginiusIV. Charles Babbagea. His life and workb. The Crackpotc. LegacyV. The Antikythera MachineCurrent LectureThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.-The Defecating Duck and the Glory of FranceoThe Defecating Duck-Would eat, digest, move head-Completely mechanical creationOne wing had over 400 parts-Great wonder of its time-Jacques de Vaucanson, the duck's inventor, charged the equivalent of a week's worth of wages, just to see the duckoNewfound fascination with all machinesoUsed in science, technology, and entertainment-Automata- machines capable of performing feats with precision and regularity Nothing newDescribed by ancient Greeks and Arabs in manuscriptsChinese had devised automata to -Pour tea-Play musical instruments-Sing music-DanceEuropeans were rediscovering the automataExample: The Lady Musician-Plays 5 songs-Fingers open and close-Appears to be breathing in time with the musicThe spirit of Mechanism-In England and Western Europe, mechanics put to daily use, at all levels of society and for everything including entertainment-The clockwork universeoClock = mother of all machines-Available to alloInfluenced all aspects of lifeoPrague astronomical clock: a 600 year old clock that -Zeitgeist of the 17th to 19th centuriesoMechanism-The doctrine that natural processes are mechanically determined and capable ofexplanation by the laws of physics and chemistryoUniverse= a great machine-The physical world is like a clock-So what do clocks and clockwork toys have to do with psychologyoThe concept of mechanism developed in physicsoThe idea that the universe is composed of particles of matteroThink the overall item is the automataoSmaller pieces are the underlying causes-These can be observed and experimented with-This led to the need to develop precise measurements-Without these instruments and measures to keep accurate time increments, science could not advance-Determinism and ReductionismoDeterminism-The doctrine that acts are determined by part eventsoReductionism-The doctrine that explains phenomena on one level (such as complex ideas) in terms of phenomena on another level (such as simple ideas)-Automata: people as machinesoPeople are very complex automataoHumans thought to be ruled by mechanical lawsoDriving force of zeitgeist in science and philosophyoSteam Enginius-This mechanistic approach dominated the field for about 200 years-Humans are simply more complicated clocks-Harmony and order in the universe could be explained by a clock's regularity-One theory was that the world was a giant clock that was set in motionDeterminism-Every act is determined by prior events -Charles Babbage (1791-1871)oFascinated by clocks and automata as a boyoGifted in mathematicsoDisappointed that he knew more than professors at CambridgeoWanted to develop a machine that could perform mathematical operations and print outthe results-The Calculating EngineFirst "computer" -Survives intact-Could play checkers, chess, and other games-Called the difference machineCalculator imitated human MENTAL actions-Physical force--> mental effort -Babbage as the "programmer"Heralded as an attempt to fabricate and artificial intelligenceoHeld parties for the social and intellectual elite to see his workoHad to use a model since the complete engine was too bigoThe birth of the Analytical engine (a larger version of the calculating engine that would "think")-Government would not pay for the engineoBabbage the Crackpot-Became bitter and resentfulAfter the death of his loyal supporter and unable to obtain funding for his machinePublically hated all Englishmen and organ-grinders (thought they were a menace) and wrote letters to the newspaper about this---> crockpotoBabbage's legacy-1946, the fully automatic computer was developed at HarvardRealization of his dream-1991, the analytical engine was built and it worked flawlessly-The Antikythera MachineoDiscovered off the coast of Antikythera (Greek Island) in 1900oDated to be from 100 BCEoSize of a modern laptopoContained 37 gears and could crank out the position of the moon, sun, and other


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UNT PSYC 4600 - Chapter 2- Philosophical Influences on Psychology pt. 1

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