PSCY 4600 1nd Edition Lecture 1 Outline of Last Lecture I. Syllabus Overview (see Syllabus for outline of classes)Outline of Current Lecture I. History of PsychologyII. Development of Modern PsychologyIII. Comparison between Philosophy and ScienceIV. Modern PsychologyV. Themes of Psychology VI. Schools of ThoughtsCurrent Lecture- Why study the history of psychology? o Most colleges have the course (83-93%) o Requirement of most psychology departments o How did we get here?  Huge number of subfields of Psychology with many connections between them  Ex: Abnormal psyc and Child development--> mental disorders in young children - The Development of Modern Psychology o Orgins in 5th century BCE and 1879 o Both a new and old discipline - Comparison o Philosophy vs Science  Philosophy  Plato, Aristotle, 5th century BCE  Subjects memories learning thoughts perception and abnormal behavior  Methods (intraspections)  Science  Modern psychology  About 200 years ago  Subjects same  Methods (scientific method and intraspection) - Modern Psychology o Like treeThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.o Deep branches based upon philosophy and influenced by natural science with all the different branches being the interconnected disciplines of psychology (social, environmental etc. - Themes in studying the history of psychology o Data  Modern data  Laboratory experiment  Naturalistic observation  Survey  Case studies  Statistical analyses  Data of History  Can't be reconstructed  Only fragments  Unreliable or completely false  Lost or distorted  Self-Serving  Used to make the researcher look better  Ex: Skinner o Historiography: How we study history  Study of the methodology of historians and the development of "history" as a disciple and also to a body of historical work on a particular subject o Contextual forces  Importance of context: important with for understanding the reasons behind a particular outcome  Zeitgeist- the intellectual fashion or dominant school of thought that typifies andinfluences the culture of a particular period in time  Opportunity  Economic  Increasing immigration at turn of 19th century  Growth in public education  Shift from laboratory to applied settings and problems  More jobs in applied sector than in labs  Even with the development of new universities, psychology faculty were drastically underpaid  Social  WWI and WWII  Personnel selection  Testing  Helped bring out the cognitive revolution  Shift psychology's geographical center (Germany--> other parts of Europe--> America)  Prejudice & discrimination  Against  Women  Ethnic origin  Race Limited or no access to education and limited career opportunities for these groups  Based on sex:  Denied admission to graduate school  If they got a job:  Lower salary  Barriers to promotion and tenure  No way to have a husband and a career (EX: Mary Whiton Calkins)  Based on Ethnicity  Jewish quotas  10-15% per class  Widespread Anti-Semitism  Can't get a job in Academia  Julian Rotter (Personality Psychology)  Change name: Abraham Maslow---> Harry Harlow  Based on Race  Considerable prejudice  Historically Black Colleges helped to combat  Francis Sumner received his PhD in 1917, 1st African American in psychology  Discrimination in graduate studies  20-66--> only 0.002% of PhDs awarded to psychologists  Serious employment limitations  60s- present--> APA has been determined to bring greater diversity to the field o Who does the History of Psychology remember?  Researchers (generally white males)  Doesn’t recognize (women, people of color, clinicians, teachers)  Discrimination minimize contributions of many psychologists - Conceptions of Scientific History o Personalistic Theory  a philosophical school of thought searching to describe the uniqueness of a human person in the world of nature, specifically in relation to animals.o Naturalistic Theory  A movement in literature and the arts, and an approach to philosophy- Schools of Thought o Wilhelm Wundt founded psychology in 1879 o Soon after, others split, forming different schools of thought o Remains divided into schools of thought  Fragmentation o Group of psychologist ideologically or geographically associated  The Vienna circle o Different methodological orientation  Physiology vs. introspection o May occur simultaneously o Usually led by charismatic leader Freud  Skinner  Carl Rogers o Cyclical nature o Schools  Structuralism--> Titchener  Functionalism--> James  Behaviorism--> Watson  Gestalt psychology--> von Ehrenfels  Psychoanalysis--> Freud  Humanistic--> Rogers  Existential--> Frankl and Binswanger  Rooted in existential philosophy  Subjectivity of experiences and freedom of choice  Often discussed with humanistic psychology  Cognitive psychology-->Might cover but only if there is