The Study of the History of Psychology S S Ch 1 Topics Did You See the Clown Why Study the History of The Development of Modern The Data of History Psychology Psychology Reconstructing Psychology s Past Psychology History Evolution of Modern Psychology Contextual Forces in Conceptions of Scientific Schools of Thought in the Plan of the Book Did You See the Clown Did You See the Clown 70 with others 25 on cell Did You See the Clown 2 Multitasking difficult Wilhelm Wundt in 1861 Why Study the History of Psychology Why Study the History of Psychology Every person who has mastered a profession is a skeptic concerning it George Bernard Shaw provide Many 83 93 Most require Distinct from natural sciences Why Study the History of Psychology 2 Area of study APA Division 26 Society for the History of Psychology No single approach Linked by history Past shapes present Why Study the History of Psychology 3 Fascinating story Drama Tragedy Heroism Revolution Technology Strange behavior Reflexes Sex Drugs Spiritualism Nazis The Development of Modern Psychology The Development of Modern Psychology eine lange Die Psychologie hat Vergangenheit past aber nur eine kurze Geschichte Ebbinghaus 1908 2 000 years Oldest yet newest The Development of Modern Psychology 2 Philosophy Questions intuiting and generalizing Psychology s pre history 5th century BCE Methods Speculating Science Observation and experimentation Modern psychology 200 years ago Methods borrowed from physical sciences The Development of Modern Psychology 3 Psychology Philosophy Physiology Defined by methods The Data of History Reconstructing Psychology s Past The Data of History Reconstructing Psychology s Past Data of psychology Experiment Observation Survey Correlation The Data of History Reconstructing Psychology s Past 2 Data of history Can t be reconstructed Only fragments Unreliable or false Lost or distorted Historiography How We Study History 1492 As children we were taught to memorize this year with pride and joy as the year people began living full and imaginative lives on the continent of North America Actually people had been living full and imaginative lives on the continent of North America for hundreds of years before that 1492 was simply the year that sea pirates began to rob cheat and kill them Vonnegut Historiography Principles methods and philosophical issues Lost or Suppressed Data Misplaced or destroyed Watson burned all papers before he died Ebbinghaus s papers found 75 years Fechner In 1983 10 large boxes found Darwin In 1990 many notebooks and after his death containing his handwritten diaries letters became available Freud s first biographer minimized Jung s autobiography written by loyal Altered cocaine assistant Suppressed Letter from Freud s son sealed until Letter from one of his mentors until 2102 2032 Data Distorted in Translation Freud s theory of personality Es Ich und ber Ich Free association Einfall intrusion or invasion Self Serving Data Legend A lie that has attained the dignity of age H L Mencken I would rise at six study until Skinner s autobiography breakfast go to classes laboratories and libraries with no more than fifteen minutes unscheduled during the day study until exactly nine o clock at night and go to bed I saw no movies or plays seldom went to concerts had scarcely any dates and read nothing but psychology and physiology 12 years later 51 after events I was recalling a pose rather than the life I actually led Contextual Forces in Psychology Contextual Forces in Psychology History is merely a list of surprises It can only prepare us to be surprised yet again Vonnegut Zeitgeist Economic Opportunity I became an applied psychologist in order to earn a living Public education movement By 1900 3x more psychologists than jobs Immigration fueled education Public school enrollment 700 1890 1918 One HS per week The World Wars Thanatos Job opportunities Testing and psychotherapy Diagnosis Prejudice and Discrimination Against women Allport Seventy five percent of you get married have kids and never finish your degrees and the rest of you never amount to anything Yet relatively progressive APA Join 1893 second meeting president 1905 AMA Join 1915 president 1998 ABA Join 1918 president 1995 Prejudice and Discrimination Against Jews Yale director of admissions report 1922 The Jewish Problem Academia barred or limited Changed names to become faculty Against African Americans 1876 1920 11 of 10 000 U S Francis Cecil Sumner Ph D s Separate dining table at Clark First black psychologist Kenneth B Clark Cornell rejected First black president of APA Conceptions of Scientific History Conceptions of Scientific History Personalistic theory Naturalistic theory Evidence is Simultaneous discovery Schools of Thought in the Evolution of Modern Psychology Schools of Thought in the Evolution of Modern Psychology In late 1800s Wilhelm Wundt founded Soon other schools of thought Psychology still divided Series of failed Preparadigmatic More fragmented than paradigms ever Schools of Thought in the Evolution of Modern Psychology 2 School of thought Leader Geography or ideology Methods Cyclical Plan of the Book Plan of the Book Structuralism Titchener Conscious experience dependent on experiencing persons Functionalism Mind as adaptation Plan of the Book 2 Behaviorism America Watson Observable behaviors Objective methodology Gestalt psychology Learning and perception Plan of the Book 3 Psychoanalysis end of class Freud Theory of personality System of psychotherapy Humanistic psychology Wholeness of human nature