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UNT PSYC 4600 - Chapter 5
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PSYC 4600 002 Lecture 8 Outline of Last Lecture I No Multitasking Allowed II The Founding Father of Modern Psychology a Wilhelm Wundt i Influence ii Work 1 Cultural Psychology 2 The study of Conscious Experience a Mediate Experience b Immediate Experience c Method of Introspection d Elements of conscious experience i Sensations ii Feelings iii Tridimensional theory of feelings 1 Organizing the elements of conscious experience 2 Fate of Wundt s Psychology in Germany 3 Criticism of Wundtian psychology iii Legacy III Other developments in German Psychology a Hermann Ebbinghaus i Research on Learning ii Research with Nonsense Syllables IV Other Early German Psychologists a Franz Bretano 1838 1917 b Carl Stumph 1848 1936 c Oswald Kulpe 1862 1915 Outline of Current Lecture I Edward Bradford Titchener a Differences between Wundt and Titchener b Life as Titchener s grad student c Titchener s Experimentalists d Women and Titchener e His work i Elements of Consciousness 1 3 problems for psychology 2 3 elementary states of consciousness II Structuralism These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute a Criticism Criticisms of Introspection Additional criticisms Contributions of Structuralism III IV V Current Lecture o o Edward Bradford Titchener 1867 1927 Wundt s student moved to US His system was different from Wundt s in some important ways Wundt Focused on the ORGANIZATION of mental elements Believed the mind had the power to organize mental elements voluntarily Titchener Focused on mental elements themselves Believed elements were mechanically linked through association Life as Titchener s grad student Formidable but adored by students Advocate for women scholars but also exclusive Controlling Conducted experiments on his grad students Discarded Wundt s doctrines of voluntarism and apperception Titchener s Experimentalists Formed in 1904 would meet at Titchnener s home Group of psycologist who met regularly to discuss their work Titchener selected the topics and dominated the meetings Women and Titchener Accepted women into his graduate program when Harvard and Columbia didn t More women completed doctoral degrees with Titchener than any other male psychologist of the time First doc student was Margaret Floy Washburn More than 1 3 of the 56 doctorates he awarded were to women Favored hiring women faculty Rule No women allowed too pure to smoke His work Subject Matter The content of conscious experience Subject matter of psychology is CONSCIOUS EXPERIENCE Other science are independent of the experiencing person Consciousness vs Mind Basic science Method Introspection Observers trained to describe the elements to their conscious state rather than report the familiar name stimulus error Similar to Kulpe s system Same level systematic experimental introspection unlike Wundt Titchener emphasized parts and not the whole o o o o The Elements of Consciousness 3 problems for psychology Reduce conscious processes to their simplest components Determine laws by which these elements were associated Connect the elements with their physiological conditions Similar to the natural sciences Three elementary states of consciousness Sensations immediate environment Images memory of the experience Affective states emotions brought on by the object Mental elements are basic and irreducible Can be characterized by their quality intensity clearness and duration Structuralism o o o o o o o o o o o o o Titchener s system of psychology that became popular in the US and lasted over two decades before being overthrown Criticisms of structrualism People often gain prominence by opposing an older view point but withTitchenerthis was reversed He stood firm when everyone else had moved beyond him The fact that structuralism lasted so long is a testament to his commanding personality Criticisms of Introspection Mind is not capable of studying itself Introspection alters the conscious experience under observation Titchenercould not give an exact definition of introspection Disagreement among observers Freud s rise to popularity if much of the mindisunconscious what good is introspection Additional criticisms Structuralism too artificial and sterile The whole experience cannot be captured by a combination of elements Limited concepts of the field Titchenerdisregarded animal and child psychology Contributions of Structuralism Research methods Based on observation experimentation and measurement Highest traditions of science Model of introspection still influential Introspective methods used in various settings still Catalyst for other schools of thought Point of criticism something to oppose


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UNT PSYC 4600 - Chapter 5

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