HIST 151 Exam 1 Study Guide Lectures 1 15 Lecture 1 August 27th Chapter 16 Reconstruction 1863 1877 I I II What was Reconstruction a Reconstruction is the period between 1863 and 1877 where the states that had seceded to the Confederacy were integrated back into the union or United States This includes i The Lincoln and Grant administrations ii Struggles for freed slave s rights iii Northern Republicans vs southern Democrats Booth and Johnson a Booth was who assassinated Lincoln and opened the door for b Johnson to become the next president He was the opposite of Lincoln and the rest of Congress i Southern Democrat 10 Plan Proclamations of Amnesty and Reconstruction a Lincoln offered a bill to Congress asking the south to do two things i 10 of voting population had to swear not to ever take up arms against the Union again ii Each state had to rewrite their constitution to abolish slavery b Congress said no because it was too soft MEANING Lincoln wanted an easy Reconstruction but when he was killed it was obvious that it wasn t going to be Lecture 2 August 29th I II III IV Black Codes a Rules in south restricting former slaves from having rights Freedmen s Bureau a Part of the government that went to the south to help enforce freed men s rights Constitutional Amendments 13 14 and 15 a 13th Abolishes slavery or involuntary servitude unless it s punishment for a crime b 14th Equal protection of laws and citizenship If you were born in the US you are a citizen and should get equal protection c 15th Government cannot deny voting rights to anybody based on color race or previous condition of servitude Radical Republicans and Waving the bloody shirt a A literal and figurative saying that Radical Republicans those who wanted equality overnight used to win northern votes b Brought up the suffering of the slaves only to be discriminated against with Black Codes in the south Lecture 3 September 3rd I II III IV V Ku Klux Klan a Formed in south originally as a meeting of Confederate veterans turned militant and extremely violent and intimidating Tenure of Office Act Impeachment a Johnson signed this act into law without understanding it was unconstitutional and meant for him to break b Stated a president can t remove officials from his cabinet without Congressional approval c Attempted to remove his secretary of war a Republican because he didn t like him The House charge him for acts of impeachment and the Senate held the trial d Remained in White House by 1 vote that asked who would come after him There was nobody Spoils System a To the victor go the spoils b Grant was elected and put all his alcoholic friends in office with him because the spoils system allowed him to choose c CORRUPT AND IRRESPONSIBLE Carpetbaggers and Scalawags a Carpetbaggers were northerners who moved to the south after the war to plunder b Scalawags were southerners who sympathized with the north Election of 1876 and Compromise of 1877 a Grant was out of office the Republicans chose Hays and the Democrats chose Tilden b Tilden won but Congress didn t approve of the results They told the south they would take northern troops out if Hays was allowed to be president South agreed Lecture 4 September 5th Chapter 17 The Contested West 1865 1900 I Homestead Act Homesteading and Sharecroppers II III a The act encouraged people from the east of the Mississippi to head west for free land 5 000 and the promise of keeping that land forever if you stayed for 5 years and turned a profit b People that went west were called Homesteaders Sharecroppers were poorer and couldn t take part in the act but went west anyway and lived by working the land of the Homesteaders and paying them with part of the crop for rent Mormons a Joseph Smith founded them the first American found Religion b Practiced polygamy which most people did not think was right c When Smith was killed trying to find a colony for his group of Mormons Brigham Young became the new leader d Young lead the group to Utah and wanted to create his own country The government said no and offered them the state of Utah if they stopped polygamy Chinese Railroad Workers Coolies a A huge influx of young single Chinese men flooded into the west and were only able to get the dangerous job of building the railroads b 80 of all track was laid by them c Americans had never seen Asians or heard Chinese so we called them derogatory Coolies and cut their hair braids held incredibly sacred in China because we didn t understand or care Lecture 5 September 8th I II III IV 5 Civilized Tribes on the basis that they acted more like us a Cherokee b Choctaw c Muscogee Creek d Chickasaw e Seminole Indian Removal a Had been around since the first English colonists came with disease and guns United States Office of Indian Affairs Dawes Act a Office set up to oversee Indian issues b Congress didn t think it was doing a good job so the Dawes Act said the government was going to take back all the reservation land and offer each native family 160 acres to privately own c This encourages assimilation and ended the native way of life Lt Col George Armstrong Custer a Grant sent Custer and his army to Little Big Horn to look for gold b They ended up in Sioux territory and were killed by Sitting Bull c The scalp was spared and sent back to make an example Lecture 6 September 10th I II III Wounded Knee a Sioux were at a winter camp initiating young men into warrior hood with a hallucinatory Ghost Dance when Americans found them and asked them to put their few weapons in a pile A drunk dancer stumbled and his gun accidentally went off b We then murdered 300 to 500 natives except Black Elk who was the only survivor c Ended Indian Wars 1890 Census and Frederick Jackson Turner s The Significance of the Frontier in American History a Turner was an edgy history professor who made a key note speech at a historical conference called the Significance of the Frontier in American History b It pulled from the 1890 Census and stated that the frontier was what made America the place to be but it was now full c Had everybody asking now what Helen Hunt Jackson s A Century of Dishonor a Jackson wrote A Century of Dishonor after reading about the plight of the natives b Meant to make Americans feel bad about what they ve done and convince them to help c Not well researched but potentially the first muckraker Lecture 7 September 12th Chapter 18 Business and Politics in the Gilded Age 1865 1900 I II III IV Mark Twain Gilded C Age