HIST 151 Lecture 14 Chapter 20 Dissent Depression and War cont Outline of Last Lecture I William Jennings Bryan s Cross of Gold II Homestead Lockout Pinkertons and Frick III Milltowns Pullman Palace Car Co and Pullman IL Outline of Current Lecture I IWW and Eugene Debs II Manifest Destiny III Alfred T Mahan s famous and influential book IV Secretary of State John Hay and Open Door Notes V Spheres of Influence and Boxer Rebellion VI Remember the Maine why go to war with Spain VII Teller Amendment followed by Teddy Roosevelt and his Rough Riders VIII Hurt and Pulitzer s Splendid Little War IX Platt Amendment and Guantanamo X Consequences of the Spanish American War Current Lecture IWW and Eugene Debs The IWW stands for Industrial Workers of the World and was founded by Eugene Debs He signed many who worked for the Pullman Car Company to the American Railway Union after a strike against pay cuts This turned into a nation wide Pullman strike Later Debs ran for president with the Populist Party many times Manifest Destiny The belief that Americans were destined to spread throughout the continent because of our supposed high morals and our knack for creating a better world for all Alfred T Mahan s famous and influential book Mahan was in the navy and wrote a book about how important it was to have a good navy The book was called The Influence of Sea Power Upon History 1660 1783he Influence of Sea Power Upon History 1660 1783 These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute He greatly impacted naval force in many different countries and inspired an arms race in Europe which the US was involved in in this time period Secretary of State John Hay and Open Door Notes Hay issued what are called the Open Door Notes to world powers in Europe in 1899 to propose that all countries have an equal opportunity to trade with China This also allowed Chinese to collect tariffs on goods and asked world powers not to mess with any treaty ports or favor their own country when charging for port dues Spheres of Influence and Boxer Rebellion A Sphere of Influence is basically an area where a specific nation has power over political economic and or cultural matters of a territory The Chinese had many Spheres of Influence on their country and they were not ok with it because it meant other countries were controlling trade and other matters As well foreigners and Christian missionaries were there which the Chinese disliked The Boxer Rebellion happened in 1900 and was an uprising of the Chinese against the Christians and foreigners Eventually the world powers stepped in and defeated the Boxers executing all their leaders Remember the Maine why go to war with Spain The Maine was a ship sent to Havana Cuba to protect US interests during Cuba s revolt against Spain The ship had an unexplained explosion and ended up sinking The reason for the explosion is unknown but was thought to be caused by the Spanish This event essentially started the Spanish American War 1898 which only lasted 10 weeks and resulted in an American victory This was the first war the US had fought overseas Teller Amendment followed by Teddy Roosevelt and his Rough Riders The Teller Amendment is a response to McKinley s War Message about Cuba s struggle for independence from Spain It says that the US cannot annex Cuba but is allowed to go help them with their revolution and then step out Teddy Roosevelt became the leader of the Rough Riders in response to the SpanishAmerican War This was just another name for the 1st United States Volunteer Calvary They were made up mostly of cowboys and college athletes and used to fight in the war due to the exhaustion of American troops because of the Civil War Hearst and Pulitzer s Yellow Journalism and Hay s Splendid Little War Hearst and Pulitzer participated in yellow journalism in their newspapers New York Journal and New York World respectively writing of Spain s atrocities against Cuban people This information was not well researched and often just used shocking headlines or images to increase circulation Hearst and Pulitzer were trying to out circulate each other so the more outrageous the headline the better This convinced many Americans to stand behind a war with Spain even though the stories were highly exaggerated and mostly untrue Hay wrote a letter to Teddy Roosevelt saying that the war was a splendid one due to the American Navy s strength We were smarter had good motives and were brave in Hay s eyes As well seeing as the first overseas war ended in 10 weeks with a victory for both America and Cuba with the US gaining Puerto Rico and the Philippines it really was a good war in comparison to the Civil War Platt Amendment and Guantanamo The Platt Amendment made it so Cuba had restricted trade and had to allow the US to use some of its land for naval bases Guantanamo Bay became the first US naval base overseas and is now notorious for prisoner of war torture Currently Cuba is fighting for their land back seeing as it was give to the US by force with the Cuban American Treaty Consequences of the Spanish American War The Treaty of Paris o The US got Guam Puerto Rico and the Philippines Cuba became independent Spain was give 20 million for its losses An American Empire o Many people were upset with America s hypocrisy They condemned Europe for having empires but were perusing their own o The war was supposed to be about freeing Cuba not gaining control over any other places