HD 300 1st Edition Exam 1 Study Guide Lectures 1 9 The Exam will cover Lectures 1 9 Text Chapters 1 5 and 12 the major points of each section plus bolded or italicized terms The 5 Supplemental Readings the major findings of each article Lecture 1 Child Abuse an act committed by a parent caregiver or person in position of trust that is not accidental and harms or threatens to harm the child s physical health mental health or welfare Neglect failure to provide for the child s basic needs and proper level of care with respect to food clothing shelter hygiene medical attention or supervision The 4 types of Abuse o Physical o Emotional Psychological o Sexual o Neglect Incidence o How many reported cases 3 million reported cases each year 6 cases minute o How many substantiated cases 45 1 000 o How many children die of abuse each year Approximately 2 000 The Underlying Reasons for Abuse o Cultural attitudes and norms o History of abuse in the family Cycle o Presence of other forms of family violence o Alcohol drug use in the family o Characteristics of the child abuser o Children can t protect or speak up for themselves o Family structure o Breakdown of the family o Child rearing practices o Poverty inequality o Cultural change Be familiar with the PIESS Model o 5 areas of development Physical Intellectual Emotional Social Spiritual o All areas of development are related to each other Lecture 2 Historical Overview o Know what infanticide is why it occurs and society s perspective of it both historically and presently Infanticide killing of a newborn with consent from parents family or community Reasons Population control Control individual family size Illegitimacy the parents aren t married Maternal health reasons mental illness the mother cannot provide Greed for money and or power Superstition Society Perspective Historically Trying to determine whether the child is Human China only allowed one child and boys are favored girls are killed given up for adoption left outside etc Society Perspective Currently Postpartum depression psychosis throw away infants dumpster babies airport babies o Almost all states have laws to protect the mother as long as she drops the baby off at a police department or fire station One reason why Immature or impatient caregivers Other reasons include caregiver factors o Drug use o Alcoholism o Depression or other mental illness o Aggressiveness and anger o From a historical standpoint How were children viewed Children were viewed as property of their fathers Until the 20th century children were viewed and treated as little adults How were parental rights viewed Patria Postestas ownership of children Patriarchy fathers were the boss How was sexual exploitation of children viewed 16th century recognition of sexual exploitations of children 19th century sexual abuse was known to be wrong so it was hidden o More of a taboo than a law th 20 21st centuries child pornography flourishes child trafficking is a world wide problem sexual abuse occurs inside and outside the home recognized as abuse and legal action is taken o More recent History What was the May Ellen Case 1874 Prevention of cruelty to animals o Laws were in place against mistreatment of animals but not children o That group brought the case to court saying humans are mammals How did SPCA get involved in the child abuse issue Laid the foundation for the creation of Society for the Preventions of Cruelty to Children SPCC created in 1875 What is battered child syndrome 1962 Dr Henry Kempe described The battered child syndrome a clinical condition in young children who have received serious physical abuse is a frequent cause of permanent injury or death The syndrome should be considered in any child exhibiting evidence of fracture of any bone subdural hematoma failure to thrive soft tissue swelling or skin bruising in any child who dies suddenly or where the degree and type of injury is at variance with the history given regarding the occurrence of the trauma How is the Social Security Act related to child Abuse In 1930 the Social Security Act mandated child welfare services o Mutilation Be familiar with different types of mutilation Male Circumcision removal of the foreskin from the human penis Female Genital Mutilation FGM o 3 types not performed by a doctor usually in unsanitary places Sunna mildest form Removal of all or part of the clitoris Excision Removal of clitoris and the labia minora Infibulations most severe and most common Removal of clitoris labia minora and part of the labia majora Sutured leaving only a tiny hole for urine and menstrual flow o When she gets married husband must slowly create a bigger hole Foot binding o 1 10 girls die of infection o Eventually bones in mid foot would be broken Neck head crainial binding Plates in earlobes and lips Vicious mutilation o Hurting the child so the child can beg and make more money Which is most common today Mutilation of the genitals Lecture 3 Developmental Issues When does the tendency towards abuse begin o Prior to the conception of the child Which group of children are most at risk for abuse o Infants are most vulnerable to abuse of all age groups What is Hyper Vigilance o Stilling when the child may be playing and then just goes blank and gone this happens when they have been exposed to violence o Constant scanning for threats What is a Parentified Child o When a sibling is taking care of the other siblings What is resiliency and what contributes to a child s resiliency o Resiliency child s ability to adapt to adversity and function adequately despite it s existence o Contributions child s temperament personal characteristics combined with a close relationship with at least one parent or nurturing adult social support outside of the family What types of children are prone to abuse Normal Lectures 4 5 The Family What is a system how does this work with families and what is the primary function of a system o Must maintain some type of balance continue a flow of information and monitor the communication among members Know the basic ethnic differences between families o Native American Families Structure does not include extended family Grandparents are crucial Have the ultimate say in child rearing One must endure all natural happenings o African American Families Rely on kinship networks of blood relatives that become kinsmen and often take on the duties of the family Children are more frequently taken to homes of grandparents to be raised